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1646
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HISTORY
OF
The Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania ;
The Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia.
BY
THOMAS LINDSLEY BRADFORD, M. Dā
Author of Homoeopathic Bibliography ; Life of Hahnemann ; History
of the Provers ; L/ibrarian and Lecturer on History of
Medicine at Hahnemann Medical College ;
Senior of American Institute of
Homoeopathy, Etc.
Phii^adeIvPHIA :
BOERICKE & TAFEL.
1898.
COPYRIGHT
BY
BOERICKE & TAFEIv.
T. B. & H. B. COCHRAN, PRINTERS, LANCASTER, PA.
1 o the "Alumni
of
1 he Jiomoeopathic JVleclical (Sollege of Isennsylvania,
and
1 lie jiahnemann JVledical (College and jiospital of Ishiladelphia,
0
reetinc
" In poison there is physic ; and these news, Having been well, that would have made me sick ; Being sick have in some measure made me well."
ā Shakespeare.
PREFACE.
This book has been prepared because it seemed evident to the compiler that in no way could the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia be more fittingly commemorated than by presenting to its alumni a carefully prepared account of its early struggles, its educa- tional growth, and its present superior position as a medical school.
The endeavor has been to describe the advancement of the College from its first session, in the one room in the rear of 635 Arch street, to chronicle the changeful years and vicissi- tudes in the old building at 1105 Filbert street, and to give as correct a pen-picture as possible of the present extensive and perfected Institution on Broad street, with its commodious college building, containing a practical museum, a great library, rooms arranged for modern bacteriological and his- tological teaching, and ample lecture rooms; the practically arranged dispensary with its ten departments; the splendidly equipped hospital with its corps of physicians and surgeons; its superior Nurse School; its Maternity Hospital. All these very plainly illustrate the incalculable influence that Old Hahnemann has exerted in the extension and upbuilding of American Homoeopathy.
The Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, now by a change of charter bearing the honored name ā Hahne- mann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia ā is the oldest homoeopathic college in the world, and the first, with one exception ā the Allentown Academy ā the mother school of Homoeopathy. Founded when it needed real courage to brave the opinions of the great body of the medical prac- titioners of the day, and the bigotry of many of the laity. Founded at a time when it was possible to get the sig- natures of seventy-eight prominent citizens of Philadelphia
VI PREFACE.
to the following remarkable statements regarding Homce- opathy: " We, the subscribers, having been eye witnesses to the frauds and deceptions practiced upon the credulous and illiterate inhabitants of the city of Philadelphia and its vicinity, by that unfortunate class of men who have, through want of better information, fancied they could restore the afflicted by a species of treatment invented some fifty years since by an imposter of the name of Homceopathia. We find that this system, like a pestilential disease, when it is subdued and exhausted in one neighborhood breaks out in another; and we find also that it, like a loathsome disease, lurks about the dark places of cities longer than in country villages, owing, as is plain to be seen, to the silly, ignorant and super- stitious foreigners who are located in these places. * * * We find these men breaking out and imposing their decep- tions upon the industrious and virtuous inhabitants of the country." At such time, when every effort was made to arrest the progress of Homoeopathy, this college was formed.
Then, its teachers consisted of seven enthusiastic believers in the law of the similars, who, despite the flattering picture just quoted, were graduates in medicine of more than ordinary ability, and who, having thoroughly investigated this new medical doctrine, were glad to be the exponents of its further progress. Now, after fifty years of continual advancement, Hahnemann College has sixteen professors, fourteen lecturers, four instructors and six demonstrators; a hospital corps of thirty-eight physicians and surgeons; a dispensary corps of seventy.
The preparation of this book has not been easy; only one who has attempted such a labor can understand how difficult it is to get reliable information, and, in fact, oftentimes any at all. The earlier records of the College are very meagre, and in some instances none can be found. Such records as are extant have been very carefully collated and the interest- ing data extracted from them. If there have been errors of omission or commission it has been unintentional. The en- deavor has been to give due credit to everyone.
In compiling the list of graduates the original College records and the printed lists of the announcements have been
PREFACE. VU
followed. Professors Pemberton Dudley, Charles Mohr, John E. James, and Drs. W. W. Van Baun, Carter and Edward M. Gramm have very kindly assisted in revising the list of gradu- ates and the members of the Faculty.
It may be stated that the list here published of 2,372 names tallies perfectly with that published in the last announcement; it is thought that this list is absolutely correct.
The book has greatly overrun its estimated size, but the omission of any of the sections certainly would have lessened its usefulness.
It is doubtful if this book would have been published had not the College authorities assumed a certain amount of the finan- ciall risk, and the alumni also responded at the first appeal.
But if these printed pages only recall the past, the hal- cyon college days, the days of quiz and midnight study, of anxiety and of careless pleasure to the memory of some care- worn, busy, white-haired doctor; if the record herein set down but make the heart of one alumnus think with pride of his Alma Mater; if this history be the means of upholding to the non-professional world the fact that ' ' Old Hahnemann ' ' leads the van in medical education and has been largely instru- mental in extending Homoeopathy, then my task has been a happ5' one.
Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 18 p8.
RAH ! RAH ! RAH ! RAH ! RAH ! RAH ! HAHNEMANN, HAHNEMANN ! SIS ! BOOM ! AH ! "
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
History of Coi<i,sge 1-301
CHAPTER I. (1848.) Meeting at Dr. Jeanes; Charter of Allentown Academy; Ameri- can Institute of Homoeopathy founded; American Medical Association; attitude of medical colleges to Homoeopathy; Dr. Coe to Dr. Davis; need of a homoeopathic college . 1-6
CHAPTER H. (1848.) Doubts of success of a college, 7; Dr. Dudley on the first meet- ing, 7; origin of college, by Dr. Williamson, 8; petition to Legislature, 8; Act of Incorporation, 10; Meeting of Corpora- tors, 10; report of Committee on Constitution, 11 7-12
CHAPTER HI. (1848.) Dr. Kirby on the new College, 13; first meeting of officers, 14; professors elected, 15; rooms rented at 229 Arch street. 15; dispensary to be opened, 15; Rademacher apothecary to dis- pensary, 15; first announcement, 16; introductory lecture, 18 13-18
CHAPTER IV. (i848-'49.)
Amended constitution, 19; memorial to legislature for degree
M. D. and H. M. D., 23 19-23
CHAPTER V. (1849.) First commencement, 24; reports of College in homoeopathic journals, 24; Dr. Dudley on Dr. Jeanes' resignation, 25; first finance report, 26 I9~29
CHAPTER VI. (1S49.) Report regarding building on Filbert street, 30; finance report,
1849 30-33
CHAPTER VII. ( 1849. )
Description of Filbert street College 34-38
CHAPTER VIII. (1849.) Second announcement, 39; regulations of College, 41; medical
requirements in 1852, 43 . . 39-44
X TABI.B; OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX. (i849-'50.) Second session, 45; introductory by Dr. Small, 45; second com- mencement, 45; assessments to corporators, 47; constitution printed, 47; Storm Rosa in Eclectic Institute, Cincinnati, 47; educational aims of new College, 50 45-52
CHAPTER X. (i85o-'5i.) First report of Faculty meeting, 53; By-Laws for Faculty, 53; Committee on History of College, 54; tickets for clergymen, 54; money divided by faculty, 55; death of Dr. Matthews, 56; College lease, 57 53-58
CHAPTER XI.
Report on College journal, Philadelphia Journal of Homoe- opathy,59; modification of Constitution, 60; changes in Faculty, 60; homoeopathic hospital on Chestnut street, 61; visit of Dr. Kirby to College, 62; division of funds, 62; rules of balloting for candidates, 63; resignation of Dr. Helmuth, Dr. Hum- phreys elected to chair of practice, 63; rent of college, 64; de- mand for diplomas from England, 64; death of Dr. Loomis,
65 59-65
CHAPTER XII. (i853-'55.)
Beneficiaries, or students half prices, 66; curriculum of instruc- tion, 66; investigation of case of Dr. Humphreys, 67; inde- pendent medical school, 69; lectures by Drs. Hering and Lippe, 69; purchase of College building, 69; money raised by scrip, 70 - 66-70
CHAPTER XIII (i855-'56.) Copy of certificate of stock, 71; liberal advertising, 72; College journal discontinued, 72; theses to be preserved, 73; honorary degrees, 73; scrip to be issued to professors, 74; debts of Col- lege, 75; Brolasky's note, 74; students entertained, 76; 3500 announcements printed, 76; Dr. W. S. Helmuth's letter of thanks for honorary degree, 76 66-77
CHAPTER XIV. (i857-'59.) Second mortagage on buildings called in, 78; introductories, 78; lower lecture room granted for the County Medical Society, 79; diploma lithographed, 79; rules for election of candidates, for graduation, 80; final settlement for College lot, 81; resolu- tions at Dr. Williamson's resignation as Professor of Obstetrics, 81 78-82
CHAPTER XV. (i859-'6o.) Notes received for tuition, 83; professors assist in college pay- ments, 84; cost of anatomical subjects, 85; re-organization of College on a permanent basis, 84; death of Mr. Yeager, the
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI
Janitor, 84; last record in Faculty book under old regimen, 85; case of Messrs. Jones, Reed and Ehrmann, 85; change and re- organization of Faculty, 85; all moneys to be paid to a receiver in trust for treasurer, 86; Finance, Supply and Building Com- mittees appointed, 87; dental clinic by Dr. Griffiths, 88; let- ter from Faculty to managers regarding notes of hand of stu- dents, 88; chair of medical jurisprudence first held by a lawyer, 89 83-90
CHAPTER XVI. (i86i-'64.) General votes of thanks, 91; changes in Faculty, 91; Professors to receive scrip for payments made by them on building, 92; prize for best essay, 92; professors to resign only in March, 92; anatomical lecture-room improved, 93; hospital opened, 93; financial report, 93; chair of Institutes and Practice to form two chairs ā Practice and Semeiology and Diagnostics, 94; organization of a new Faculty, 95 91-96
CHAPTER XVII. (1865.) Session of i864-'65 begins a new era, 97; new charter obtained,
97 97-103
CHAPTER XVIII. (i865-'68.) Hahnemannian Monthly published, 104; ladies to listen to lec- tures, 104; letter to Hering from Madame Hahnemann, 105; financial report, 105; complete list of graduates to be stereo- typed, 106; sets of journals purchased, 106; standard pharma- copoeia to be prepared by Dr. Boericke, 106; plan for publish- ing characteristics by Dr. Hering, 107; secretary instructed to sell the allopathic journals in library, 107; Faculty entertained at Dr. Hering's, 107; critical period, 107; control of stock by Dr. Lippe, 107; efforts to abolish chair of Pathology, 108; with- drawal of Dr. Hering and Dr. Raue from Faculty, 108; new professors elected, 108; Faculty of 1 867-' 68, no; formation of Hahnemann College, in; status of medical education in the United States in 1867, III; changes in professors, 113; invi- tation from Hahnemann for joint commencement, 114 .. ā¢ 104-114
CHAPTER XIX. (i868-'69.) Strained relations between the two Colleges, 115; circular issued by Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, 115; an- swer from Hahnemann College, 119; resignation of Dr. Ivippe, 120; finances, 120; disposal of notes of hand of students, 120; last meeting of Faculty of old College, 120 115-121
CHAPTER XX. (i868-'69.) Dr. Dudley's lecture on this period of College history, 122; agree- ment between Drs. Lippe and Guernsey, 125; transfer of Col- lege stock to Dr. Hering, 125 122-126
XH TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXI. (i867-'69.) History of Hahnemann College, 127; Act of Incorporation of Washington Medical College, 127; name changed to Hahne- mann College, i27-'8; further organization, 128; statutes, 128; three governing boards, 128; Corporation Trustees, 128; Professorial Trustees, 128; Board of Curators, 128 127-133
CHAPTER XXII. (1867-69.) Prospectus of Hahnemann College, 134; first Faculty meeting, 135; Faculty, 136; dispensary to be opened, 136; building rented on Chestnut street, 136; first announcement, 136; regulations of College, 139; College seal, 140 134--141
CHAPTER XXIII. (i867-'69.) Museum and library formed, 142; dispensary opened, 143; Journal of Homoeopathic Clinics, 143; American Journal Homoeopathic Materia Medica, 143; first course, 143; practical anatomy taught at Dr. Keen's rooms, 143; names of first Faculty, 144; rules for examination of candidates, 144; removal to rooms on Tenth street, 145 142-145
CHAPTER XXIV. (i 868-' 69.) Circular announcement, 146; Dr. Thomas on the success of the new institution, 147; first commencement at Academy of Music, 149 146-149
CHAPTER XXV. (1869.) Efforts to unite the old and new Colleges, 150; Act of Consolida- tion, 151; supplement to Act, 152; removal to Filbert street College, 153; prospectus of summer course, 153; Dr. Dudley on the union, 154; Dr. Helmuth on the union, 155; Helmuth's " Memories of Twenty Years Ago," 155; curious letter by Dr. Koch, 157; exchange of diplomas, 157 150-157
CHAPTER XXVI. (i869-'7o.) Announcement of the union between the Colleges, 158; synopsis of College history, 158; tables of previous Faculties of Colleges, 160; explanation of previous troubles, 160; announcement proper, 161; appendix regarding a three years' course, 162; special degrees, 164; college regulations, 165; Faculty, 166; popular lectures by Drs. Thomas and Koch, 167; acceptance by stockholders and by Board of Trustees, of the Act of Merger, 168; Dr. Morgan's protest, 168 158--169
CHAPTER XXVII. (1870.) Accusation of sale of diplomas, 170; property held by D. T. Pratt in trust, 172; Statutes of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, 173 170-181
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Xlll
CHAPTER XXVIII. (iSyo-'ys.) Money raised for Hospital, 182; announcement for iSyo-'yi on the advancement of medical education, 182; lectures to women, 183; presentation of Dr. Williamson's portrait to the College, 184; resignation of Drs. Hering and Raue, 185; changes in Boards of Trustees, 185; Letter from Dr. Dunham about a graded course, 186; case of Dr. Haseler, 188; retrospect of Col- lege in N. E. Medical Gazette, 188; honorable mention of students, 190; banquet by Faculty to class at Continental hotel, 190; verses of L. C. Morse, 191; establishment of quiz-masters, 191; resolutions concerning E. Houard, 191 182-192
CHAPTER XXIX. (i873-'79.) Corps of quizmasters, 193; legal opinion of J. T. Pratt as to power of College to confer degree after one course of lectures, 194; resignation of Dr. H. N. Guernsey, 195; College prizes first offered, 195; objection made by a member of Faculty to certain students graduating, 196; written opinion of Benj. Harris Brewster regarding the cases, 197; presentation of prizes, 199; final examinations, 202; sons of clergymen at half price, 203; lecture by Hirman Corson, 203; Hahnemann medals, 203; death of Howard Malcom, D. D., 205 193-206
CHAPTER XXX. (i879-'82.) Visit of Dr. T. C. Duncan to the College, 207; death of Dr. Hering, 208; presentation of portrait of Dr. Hering to Col- lege, 209; need of a new College, 210; difficulty between Hos- pital and College, 210; memorial regarding the need of new and more commodious buildings for College and Hospital, 210; the board of Professorial Trustees to the Corporation Trustees in regard to new buildings and settlement of difiicul- ties, 212; resolution adopted by Professorial Trustees for sep- aration of Hospital and College, 216; circular regarding a new College, 219 . 207-220
CHAPTER XXXI. (i882-'83.) Ground bought for new Hospital and College Buildings, 221; money advanced by Faculty, 221; Dr. Dudley on the subject, 221; lectures still held on Filbert street, 223; flowers at Com- mencement abolished, 224; death of Dr. McClatchey, 224; ac- count of new purchases for College in Hahne^nannian 3Io?ithly, 224; ground broken for College, 226; sale of old College prop- erty, 226 221-226
CHAPTER XXXII. !i884-'85.) Circular asking subscriptions to College and Hospital, 227; pamphlet of description of buildings, 228; plans of the new
XIV TABI^E OF CONTENTS.
buildings, 231; first printed rule for preliminary examina- tions, 236; report of Intercollegiate Committee of American Institute of Homoeopathy, 236; laying cornerstone, 237; de- scription of ceremonies, 238; location of corner-stone, 240 . 227-240
CHAPTER XXXIII. (1885.) Last session for theses, 241; settlement of difificulties between College and Hospital Trustees, 241; circular explanatory, 241; charter of the Hahnemann College and Hospital, 243; statutes, 249 241-255
CHAPTER XXXIV. (1885.) Fire in old College, 256; historical note in announcement for i885-'6, 256; description of new buildings, 259; death of Dr. Farrington, 261; last Commencement in old College, 261 . . 256-261
CHAPTER XXXV. (1886.) Dedication week, 262 262-269
CHAPTER XXXVI. (i886-'94.) Opening lecture in new College, 270; fate of old College, 270; Hotel Hilton, 270; Reading R. R. covers College grounds, 270; verses by Dr. Bayley about old College, 271; enlargement of Faculty, 271; petition from Women's Medical Club that College be opened for women, 272; three }rears' course ren- dered obligatory, 272; theses, 272; term examinations, 273; policy of non-endorsement of diplomas adopted, 274; first mention of graded four years' course, 275; Y. M. C. A. room furnished in College, 277; illustrated catalogue published, 278; reception tendered to World's Homoeopathic Congress by Faculty, 278; Hahnemann College parade, 279 270-280
CHAPTER XXXVII. (1894.) Four years' course obligatory, 281; studies of four years' course,
281; requirements, etc., 282; text-books, 283 281-184
CHAPTER XXXVIII. (i894-'97.) Division of classes, 285; death of Dr. A. R. Thomas, 286; cir- cular regarding clinics, 287 ; pamphlet ā ' ' The Medical Stu- dent," 288; Dr. Thomas on clinical instruction, 288; report of Dean Dudley, 1897, 288; additions to Faculty, 293; list of as- sistants to Faculty, 293; requirements in i897-'8, 294; im- provements in College building in 1896 and 1897, 298; fiftieth
year, 301; student volunteer movement, 301 285-301
BioGRAPHiCAi, Sketches of Professors 303-402B
Biographies oe Drs. Sempi,e and Sims 402A-402B
Hospital 405-571
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV
CHAPTER I. (i852-'64.) First record of hospital, 405; Chestnut Street Hospital, 405; cholera hospital of Dr. Bute, 407; soldiers' hospital, 1862, 408; aid asked for Hospital in 1863, 411 405-413
CHAPTER n. (i865-'69.) Plans to raise money for a large Hospital, 414; Hospital Fair
of 1869, 415; circulars issued, 418 414-420
CHAPTER HI. (1870.) Accounts of Hospital Fair, 421; purchase of College property with Hospital fund, 425; Hospital building erected on Filbert street, 428 421-430
CHAPTER IV. (i87i-'72.) New Hospital opened, 431, financial report, 432; Hospital man- agers organize, 433; Hospital to be made independent of Col- lege, 434; Act of Incorporation for Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia, 435; Dr. Morgan protests, 436; testimony be- fore the Court, 437; report of Hospital matter in Hahne- mannian Monthly, 439 431-441
CHAPTER V. (i873-'74.) Mass meeting to secure large general Hospital, 442; charter of Homoeopathic Hospital of Pennsylvania, 444; resolutions of Boards of Trustees, 450; malicious attack on Hospital in news- papers, 452 442-453
CHAPTER VI. (i875-'8i.) Strained relations between College and Hospital authorities, 454; circular regarding a new Hospital, 454; entertainments in aid of Hospital, 459; bequests of Mr. I. V. Williamson and Dr. J. Jeanes, 460; further efforts for new Hospital 454-465
CHAPTER VII. (i882-'86.) Correspondence between Hospital and College boards, 466; sever- ance of relations between College and Hospital, 468; corner- stone of College laid, 468; Hospital closed, 468; new merger of College and Hospital, 469; consolidation under name ā Hahne- mann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia, 469; Women's Hospital Association organized, 470; Constitution of, 470; officers, managers and members of, 472 466-477
CHAPTER VIII. (1886.) Merger of Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania with Hahnemann,
479; appeals for aid, 4S6; opening of Hospital, 48S 47S-490
XVI TABLB OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX. (i886-'97.) Cuthbert street Hospital closed, 491; entertainments by Ladies' Association, 491; State Legislature inspects new Hospital, 496; appeals for Legislative appropriations, 497; dispensary in base- ment of College, 498; description of Hospital buildings, 499; contract price, 501; dedication of Hospital, 501; opening of Hospital, 501; memorial ward to Dr. Hering, 501; A. R. Tbomas free bed, 504; diet kitchen, 506; Junior Auxiliary As- sociation, 506; Hospital Tidings, 506; list of endowed beds,
507 ..... 491-508
CHAPTER X. (1898.)
Rules governing Hospital and dispensary 509
CHAPTER XL
Hospital staff from 1871 to 1898 543
CHAPTER XII. Contributors, life patrons, etc., 548; financial exhibit, 554 . . . 548-555
CHAPTER XIII. Training School for Nurses, 556; rules governing, 557; nurse
commencements, 562; list of nurse graduates, 566 555-5^9
CHAPTER XIV. Maternity Hospitai. 57o
The Dispensary 572
First opened, 572; at Johnstown, 568; account in Hahnemannian, 582; clinical instruction, 583; rules of, 584; physicians and
surgeons to, 586 572-596
The Museum 597
The Library 613
The A1.UMNI Association ā¢ 627
CHAPTER I. (i857-'83.) First organizations of alumni 627
CHAPTER II. (i884-'86.) Organization of present Association, 634; constitution, 636; first annual meeting, 639; second meeting, 641; poem by Helmuth, 642; reunion during dedication week, 645 634-645
CHAPTER III. (i887-'9i.) Third meeting, 646; fourth meeting, 648; fifth meeting, 649; re- vised constitution, 649; medical examiner's bill endorsed, 650; sixth meeting, 651; resolutions on death of Dr. Trites, 651; Washington Alumni, 653; seventh meeting, 654; International Congress, 657 646-657
TABLB OF CONTENTS. XVll
CHAPTER IV. (iSgr.) Poem, "My First Patient," by Dr. Helmuth 658
CHAPTER V. (iS92-'93.) Eighth meeting, 662; meeting at Washington, 665; ninth meet- ing, 667 662-669
CHAPTER Vr. (1894.) Tenth meeting, 670; Thomas free bed, 670; Dr. Talbot's address,
671; Dr. A. R. Thomas's address, 674; College yell, 674 . . . 670-680
CHAPTER Vn. (i895-'97.) Growth of Association, 681; eleventh meeting, 681; letter of con- dolence to Dr. Thomas, 682; twelfth meeting, 685; death of Dr. A. R. Thomas, 685; thirteenth meeting, 689; Buffalo Kniepe, 693 681-697
CHAPTER VHI. (1898.)
Golden Jubilee Reunion 698
New members, 698; letters of greeting, Drs. Adams, Cresson,
Wood, 700; Alumni banquet, 702; letter from Dr. Verdi, 705;
Dr. Van Baun's address, 705 ; address by Dr. Guernsey, 708 ;
Dr. Goodno, 710; Mr. Joel Cook, 712; Dr. Harper, 715; Dr. J.
N. Mitchell, 717; Hon. Chas. F. Warwick, 718; Dr. W. H.
Hanchett, 719; members present, 722 648-726
CHAPTER IX.
IvisT OF Officers and Members of Alumni 727
Washington City Auxiliary 763
Hahnemannian Institute 765
Alpha Sigma Order 772
Complete L,ist of College Graduates 776
List of Officers of the College 841
List of Faculty and Lecturers 852
Synopsis of College Commencements 861
Dates of Introductory Lectures 868
Rosters 870
Golden Jubilee op 1898 879
PICTURES.
Frontispice, The Founders.
Homceopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, 34
Hall and Stairway of College, 262
Lecture Room, i, 270
Chemical Laboratory, 274
Students' Y. M. C. A. Room, 276
Anatomical Amphitheatre, 278
Lecture Room, 2 284
Dissecting Room, 286
'Eye Department, 290
Rooms in Histological Laboratory, 296, 300
E. A. Farrington, 318
H. N. Guernsey, 328
C.J. Hempel, 336
Ad. Lippe, 349
C. G. Raue, 370
A. R. Thomas, ... 376
Matthew Semple, 402
First Homceopathic Hospital, Chestnut Street, . . 405
Cuthbert Street Hospital, 405
Hospital on Fifteenth Street, 488
Children's Ward in Hospital, 492
Private Room in Hospital, ... 492
General Ward in Hospital, 556
Nurses' Parlor, . , 556
Clinical Amphitheatre, 582
Clinical Amphitheatre, 308
Hahnemann College Building, 224
The Museum, 598
Dissection of Nervous System, 607
Alumni Hall, 627
PART I.
History of the College. Biographies of the Professors.
" Nothing is more estimable than a physician who, having studied nature from his youth, knows the properties of the human bod)', the diseases which assail it, the remedies which will benefit it, exercises his art with caution, and pa5's equal attention to the rich and the poor."
ā Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary.
V'*^
HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE.
CHAPTER I.
1848.
The Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania re- sulted from a meeting held one evening in February, 1848, at the house of Dr. Jacob Jeanes, situated on the northwest corner of Juliana and Vine streets, Philadelphia. Three men were present, Drs. Constantine Hering, Walter Williamson and Jacob Jeanes.
At this time there was no institution in the world where Homoeopathy was taught; for the most part its practitioners were converts from the ranks of the allopathic school and those who wished to enter upon the study of medicine with the intention of practising Homoeopathy were compelled to enter and graduate from the colleges of that day, supplement- ing this by a course of study under the supervision of a physician of the New School, as it was then called.
It is true that the AUentown Academy had been established thirteen years before at AUentown, Pa., largel^^ through the influence of Dr. Constantine Hering. It had been chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at an extra session held June 17, 1836, as: "The North American Academy of the Homoeopathic Healing Art, ' ' and was entitled to confer the degree of Doctor of Homceopathia upon its graduates. But this Institution, where the instruction was in German, was continued but a few years, when the college was disbanded and the buildings sold to liquidate a mortgage upon them.*
* For a history of this Institution see Trans. World's Horn. Conven- tion, held at Philadelphia, 1876, vol. 2, p. 773. 2
2 HISTORY OF THE HOMCeOPATHIC
There had been a number of graduates, most of them also holding diplomas from other medical colleges.
In 1844 the Homoeopathic physicians of the United States had formed a National Society, called the American Institute of Homoeopathy, The sj'stem was becoming more popular and the idea of having a college entirely devoted to Homoeop- athy had been discussed again and again.
At this time medical education in the United States was very different from what it is to-day. The 3'oung man then entered the of&ce of the family physician, often dividing the study of the bones with the work of general utility man about the dingy old office. When winter came the student was furnished with a certificate to the fact of his studies, and selecting some medical college went thither. There were no preliminary examinations; on payment of the matriculation and lecture fees the youth was admitted as a medical student. Only two courses, and even in some instances but one, were required for graduation.
No difference was made between the student of the allo- path and the homoeopath previous to 1835.
The allopathic physician of that day had not yet consti- tuted himself the conservator of medical opinions; a physician was allowed to follow the freedom of his own judgment; and provided he held a diploma from a legally constituted medical college, he could practice as his own education and experi- ence prompted him.
In 1846 a National Medical Convention was organized, meeting yearly. At the meeting in May, 1847, certain reso- lutions were passed tending to prevent the spread of Homoe- opathy in the United States. It was resolved that the certifi- cate of any irregular practitioner should not be received by the medical schools and the follower of Hahnemann was de- cided to be very irregular.
At the meeting in 1848, when the Convention gave itself a name and became the present American Medical Association, the committee on medical education among other things recommended* ' ' That the fourth and seventh of the resolu-
*Traus. Am. Med. Assoc, vol. i, p. 245. (1848.)
MEDICAL COIvLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 3
tions of the committee last mentioned, the former recom- mending that the certificate of no irregular practitioner shall be received at the medical schools, and the latter urging the importance of clinical instruction and attendance upon hos- pital practice, should be again brought to the notice of the medical faculties of the several institutions."
This, of course, was a direct blow to the education of the future homceopath. The young man who wished to study- Homoeopathy must either enter himself with some physician, receive his certificate and graduate from the schools of the time, studying Homoeopathy in secret, or run the risk of being rejected should he go to college armed with a certifi- cate from an}^ physician practising Homoeopathy, although for the most part the homoeopathic physicians of the time were men of previous experience in the allopathic practice, graduates from the allopathic colleges, who had turned from the horrors of bleeding, blistering and mercurialization to the mild and successful methods of Hahnemann.
Hence the necessity, when it was known that such a resolu- tion had been decided upon, that the friends of Homoeopathy should either establish a school of homoeopathic medicine where its tenets could all be taught in freedom, or of risking the influence of the powerful and popular old school on the student and young physician, with the danger of his losing under such powerful educational pressure, the opinions he had before entertained favorable to Homoeopathy.
As a sample of the attitude of the allopathic profession towards Homoeopathy at this time the following correspond- ence explains itself: *
"Dr. Shipman: During the session of 1849 ^.nd 1850 I attended a course of lectures at the Rush Medical College in Chicago, and was desirous of attending the ensuing course and receiving the honors of the college, as I should have been entitled to do, had none but the ordi- nary tests of qualification been applied to me. But wishing to have the matter fully understood previous to securing tickets for another course, I addressed the following to the Secretary of the Faculty, and received the accompan3-ing reply:
"St. Charles, Ili^., Sept. 12, 1850. " Dr. N. S. Davis ā Sir: I am a Homoeopathist, from a conviction
*N. W. Jour. Horn., vol. 3, p. 19.
4 HISTORY OV THK HOMCEOPATHIC
of the truth of the principles and the efficacy of the practice of Homoe_ opathy. With these views will you graduate me if I comply with the ordinary requisitions of the Faculty ?
"Yours, &c.,
"M. Daniei, Coe."
" Chicago, Sept. i6, 1850. " M. DanieIv Coe ā Dear Sir : I am directed to inform you that the Faculty of Rush Medical College will not recommend you to the Trustees for a degree so long as they have reason to suppose that you entertain the doctrines and intend to trifle with human life on the prin- ciples you avow in your letter. To do otherwise would involve both parties in the grossest inconsistency.
' ' Very respectfully yours,
"N. S. Davis, " Secretary of the Faculty of Rush College."
The physicians of the homoeopathic school had for some years before this seen the great advantage, even necessity, of the establishment of an institution where Homoeopathy might be taught. In the Homceopathic Pioneer for August, 1845, appears the following editorial:
"Importance op a Homceopathic School. ā All who embrace the doctrines of Hahnemann cannot but be sensible of the importance of a homoeopathic school to the unadulter- ated prosperity and success of the science. That it would be a herculean task to establish a school of this nature at this time, and that the effort would be attended with much per- plexity and perhaps pecuniary loss to its founders, can hardly be doubted. That they would ultimately reap a rich harvest in the high position which such a school would do much toward giving the science ā if not in a pecuniary point of view ā hardly admits of a doubt.
' ' A school devoted to teaching Homoeopathy in its purity, if ably conducted, would give the profession that importance which such great truths so richly merit ā and which, not- withstanding all the opposition it has met with, both in Europe and America, is destined at no distant period to be awarded to it, even by those who now look upon it (as they say) as a sheer humbug, unworthy the attention of any but enthusiasts or ignorant and unsuccessful practitioners.
' ' A school well conducted would effectually shut out the
MEDICAL COI.LEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 5
danger of an amalgamation of Homoeopathy and Allopathy, at which an effort is already being made by many of our opponents, at least in profession if not in practice. It is true there is no danger of such a result with any who have the talents and industry to examine the principles and give the same a fair test in practice; for all such unhesitatingly em- brace the doctrine, and discard a system which at least is all doubt and uncertainty. Those, on the contrary, who are too indolent to trace Nature and read from her vast volume the great truths there recorded for the benefit of Man, will en- deavor to gain by misrepresentation what can only be deep, constant and unremitting thought.
' ' A homoeopathic school would at once open a field for the exploration of the hundreds of students who are now slowly wending their way through the deep and dark labyrinths of Allopathy ā to all of whom at this period of their professional career we would award the candor of at least desiring truth, but whose prejudices are but too soon aroused against any- thing which would cause them to depart from the old and beaten paths that have been trodden for centuries by their forefathers.
"It would give to all such who might desire it, an op- portunity of at once becoming acquainted with the funda- mental truths of Hahnemann, and qualify them to judge of their merits.
" Much might be said in favor of establishing such a school; it is, however, apparent to all. No difference of opinion can exist among its friends, excepting in the mode of procedure. Some would suppose it desirable first to obtain a charter, making it a corporate body invested with certain powers and privileges. This, however, cannot be obtained in the present state of the public mind, although Homoeopathy is extensively and successfully practised in the United States. Yet it meets with too powerful opposition to obtain at present a charter from any Legislative body. For ourselves, we believe a school established independent of any chartered privileges, relying entirely on its own indomitable energies for support, will soon procure for itself a place and standing in the public opinion which will ere long induce the L,egisla-
6 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
ture to grant those privileges now denied to all except the self-styled scientific schools of Allopathic doubts and uncer- tainties."
In the December number, 1845, of the same Journal we find the following:
"HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE. ā We would respect- fully suggest to those gentlemen having charge, in the various counties, of memorials for this object the expediency of ob- taining full expressions from their respective vicinities, and of securing the same an early presentation at the approaching session of our Legislature. Though slight the relation of this measure in any respect to the pecuniary interests of prac- ticing homcEopaths, yet as one tending to faciliate the estab- lishing and diffusion of medical truth, and to extend it to those through whom mankind may most directly realize its practical benefits, the object cannot but warmly commend itself to the general regard of our friends. With the rapidly increasing interest upon Homoeopathy prevailing among those preparing for the profession, and the character and ability which the Faculty of the proposed institution would present to the public, its instructions could not but be reciprocally profitable, as well as eminently creditable to our cause and beneficial to society."
MEDICAI. COLIvKGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. f
CHAPTER II.
Hence the meeting at the house of Dr. Jeanes, when him- self, Drs. Hering and WilHamson, all men of experience in the allopathic school previous to their conversion to the law of Similia, sought to find some way by means of which the young men whose faces were turned toward the old philoso- pher of Coethen, whose shibboleth was, prove before condemn- ing, could be free to follow the dictates of their own con- sciences without let or hindrance.
This matter was talked of by others among the homoeopaths of Philadelphia; some opposed it, thinking the time was not yet come for such a venture; that the cause was not yet strong enough to sustain a college. Dr. Kitchen in the last weeks of his life said that he opposed this risk, that he did not think the college could be supported, that the time had not come. He was then a zealous homceopath, and after the school was started aided it in every manner possible, but he was fearful of failure, which might at that time have had a very disastrous effect on the future of Homoeopathy in America and in fact throughout the world.
But braver counsels prevailed: we can well understand the fiery ardor of Dr. Hering, eager then, as always, to advance the cause to which he devoted his life. Dr. Pemberton Dudley in writing of this subject says: ' ' There have been few subjects in the history of medicine more worthy of the artist's pencil than that of those three men sitting in that council chamber with the tremendous responsibilities of that hour pressing down upon them. We can almost picture to ourselves their appearance as they sat in that council of destiny. Hering, forty-eight years of age; Jeanes, forty-seven; Williamson, thirty-seven; all past the reckless enthusiasm of youth and in the full vigor of ripe and matured manhood; the German
8 HISTORY Ol? THK HOMCEOPATHIC
scholar, the Philadelphia Quaker, and the descendant of the Pennsylvania pioneer; unlike, yet strong, typical, representa- tive; each supporting and supplementing the others, they sit with thoughtful brow and firm set lip and unflinching pur- pose, as if they knew of the toil, the anxiety and the self- sacrifice which their act involved; but knew also that from it should spring the only safety for medical progress, the only guarantee for liberty of medical thought and liberty of medi- cal conscience, to their age and the ages to come. ' '
the Legislature was then in session and a petition was pre- pared, and in two days it had been signed by eighteen physicians and numerous laymen asking for an Act incor- porating the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, with all the rights and powers belonging to other medical colleges in the Commonwealth, including the right to confer the degree of Doctor of Homoeopathic Medicine.*
It seemed at one time that the bill was not likely to pass and its supporters became very discouraged. But Dr. Jeanes now asked the influence of the Hon. Charles Brown, a brother of Mrs. Jeanes, who was then in Congress, but had recently been a member of the State Legislature. He wrote from Washington to his former colleagues and friends at Harris- burg and secured their hearty support to the measure.
The bill passed the House February 12th, the Senate April 5th, and was signed by the Governor on April 8th, 1848.
At the banquet of the members of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, held on the evening of June 9th, 1870, in the Tremont House, Chicago, Dr. Walter Williamson, in answer- ing to the toast, " Our Medical Colleges," gave a short history of the origin of the College. He said:
"There was a time, within my recollection, when we had no hom- oeopathic medical colleges. At that tirae we had a number of homoeo- pathic physicians. We also had a few, and that few constantly increas- ing in numbers, of homoeopathic students. These students had to gain their knowledge of Homoeopathy, of our literature and of our science under very great disadvantages, if they gained it at all.
' ' This matter of medical colleges had perhaps been thought of by a number of practitioners of that school in the United States before any
*See Kirby's Am. Jl. Hom., vol. 3, p. 12.
MEDICAL COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 9
action was inaugurated upon the subject. I remember well, of a Tues- day evening, three earnest men in this cause met together in the per- formance of the labor which had been assigned them by the American Institute of Homoeopathy. Three members, at least, of the Central Bureau, appointed by the Institute of Homoeopathy, met in an oiEce, or rather in the parlor, of one of their number, and the subject of med- ical colleges was brought under discussion.
" It was agreed by these three that application should be made to the Legislature of Pennsylvania for a charter. This was probably about the middle of February. The Legislature would adjourn in the latter end of March or the beginning of April. The question was asked, 'When shall application be made?' 'Oh, we will consult with our friends?' One of the three called for a pen and ink and some paper, sat down and said, ' What shall I write?' ' Oh, we can't make applica- tion now.' The one who waited said application should be made, and unless made at that time it would be impossible to get the act of incor- poration for the institution or college at that present Legislature. On that evening, which was Tuesday evening, the petition was written out. On the next morning it was shown to a few friends, and by Thursday it was sent to Harrisburg, the capital of the State of Pennsylvania, with hundreds of signatures; petition after petition, copies of petition after petition, with long lists of signatures appended to them, were sent up within the two following weeks, until a letter came from Harrisburg saying: ' We have got enough.'
' ' I mention this circumstance merely to show that this great revolu- tion, commenced with the people was carried out by the people, and we, as homoeopathic physicians, are put forward and sustained now by the people, by the friends of Homoeopathy, by the friends of progress, by the friends of advancement; and you will generally find the friends of Homoeopathy amongst the most enterprising, well educated and determined portion of the community. This was the commencement of the application for that college. On the 8th of April, 1848, it received the signature of the Governor and of the clerk ā I have forgotten his name. Within two weeks a Constitution was formed; and about the 1st of October, in the fall of 1848, as near as I can recollect the date, the first lectures were delivered upon Homoeopathy in any chartered institution. Lectures had been delivered upon Homoeopathy before. I believe to Dr. Gray, of New York, belongs the honor of delivering the first course of lectures upon Practice. In Philadelphia a few lec- tures were delivered, some upon homoeopathic principles and some upon the Materia Medica."
The first meeting of the Corporators was held on Hahne- mann's birthday, April ro, 1848, in the Athenaeum Building, on the southeast corner of Sixth and Adelphi streets, opposite Washington Square.
lO HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
At this meeting Judge Anson V. Parsons was called to the Chair, and Dr. Francis Sims appointed Secretary. The names of the Corporators were then called and the following gentlemen were present: Anson V. Parsons, Daniel Deal, Edward M. Davis, Charles Neidhard, H. J. Boiler, WilHam H. Moore, H. P. Lloyd, William Rhoads, A. B. Justice, Thomas Mott, Edwin Greble, WilHam C. Milligan, Thomas R. Peterson, Walter Williamson, Caleb B. Matthews, WaUer Ward, William P. Esrey, Samuel R. Dubs, T. G. Pherson, Joseph Berens, Edmund Deacon, William H. Eove, John C. Da Costa, John M. Kennedy, I. S. Waterman, Joseph Jeanes, John Riehle, George Peterson, William T. Wainwright, Mc- Pherson Saunders, Joshua L. Hallowell, Alfred A. Carter, Constantine Hering, Richard Gardiner, William S. Helmuth, Francis Sims, R. M. Taylor, F, A. Server.
The Act of Incorporation was then read and approved. It is as follows : *
Act to Incorporate the Homceopathic Medical College of Penn- sylvania in Philadelphia.
Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is enacted by the same: That John B. Myers, Anson V. Parsons, Edwin L,ewis, Daniel Deal, Edward M. Davis, Charles Neidhard, James M. Broom, Henry J. Boiler, Joseph N. Withers, William H. Moore, Henry P. Lloyd, William Rhoads, Alfred B. Justice, Thomas Mott, Edwin Greble, William C. Milligan, Thomas K. Peterson, Walter Williamson, John M. Patten, Samuel Freedley, James Kitchen, Caleb B. Matthews, Walter Ward, William P. Esrey, Edward M. Srnith, Samuel R. Dubs, John G. Peterson, Coburn Whitehead, Stillwell S. Bishop, Joseph Berens, Joseph B. Myers, William C. Mcintosh, Robert V. Massey, Edmund Deacon, William H. Dove, Charles Keen, John C. Da Costa, John M. Kennedy, Isaac S. Waterman, Joseph Jeanes, John Riehle, Joseph Dea, Charles Brown, George Peterson, William J. Wain- wright, McPherson Saunders, Jacob Jeanes, Jacob Snider, Jr., Thomas S. Cavender. William Geisse, Joseph D. Hallowell, Alfred A. Carter, Isaac R. Davis, Constantine Hering, Richard Gardiner, William A. Gardiner, William S. Helmuth, Francis Sims, Richard M. Taylor, Benjamin R. Miller, Fred. A. Sower, George Piper, Timothy Ives, and their associates and successors, be and they are hereby made and created a body politic and corporate in law and in fact, by the name and Style of the " Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Phila-
*L,aws of General Assembly of Penna., 1848, p. 394. (Act No. 300.)
MEDICAIv COIvLBGE OF PB;nnSYI,VANIA. 1 1
delphia," and by the same name shall have perpetual succession, and ma)- sue and be sued, have a common seal, purchase and hold and con- vey all lands and tenements, moneys, goods, chattels, and effects, make all by-laws necessary or proper for the uses of a medical college, and immediately connected therewith, not contrary to the laws and Constitution of the Commonwealth, and do all and every other matter and thing for the purposes of this Act which any corporation or body politic may or can do: Provided, that said corporation shall hold no more real estate than the buildings and fixtures necessary for a course of medical instruction.
Section II. Said corporation shall have power to elect such officers as may be necessary for the administration thereof, and to enact by- laws for the government, admission, and expulsion of members.
Section III. Said college shall have power to grant the degree of doctor of homoeopathic medicine to any such person as shall have at- tended two courses of medical lectures, and completed a course of study, and possess the qualifications now usually required of candidates for the degree of doctor of medicine in other medical, colleges in this State, and also a knowledge of Homoeopathy.
Section IV. The Legislature may at any time alter, amend, or re- peal the privileges hereby granted.
WiivLiAM F. Packer, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Wii^i^iAM Williamson, Speaker of the Senate.
Approved this eighth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight. Frs. R. Shunk.
It was decided at this meeting that fifteen members should constitute a quorum at any future meeting. A committee of nine was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, con- sisting of Drs. Walter Williamson, Jacob Jeanes, Judge Anson V. Parsons, Mr. John M. Kennedy, Mr. Isaac S. Waterman, Dr. Charles Neidhard, Mr. Henry J. Boiler, Mr. Isaac R. Davis and Dr. Constantine Hering.
A vote of thanks was proposed and unamiously adopted, to Gideon I. Ball, Esq. , of Erie, and to Dr. Coburn Whitehead, of Harrisburg, for their zealous and disinterested exertions in bringing this bill in time before the House and Senate.
At the next meeting, held April 27, the Committee on Constitution reported as follows:
The Constitution of the Homoeopathic Medical College, of Pennsyl- vania in Philadelphia, adopted by the Corporators of Said College duly
12 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
assembled in the Atheuaeum Building, corner of Adelphi and Sixth streets, in the City of Philadelphia, on the 27th day of April, 1848. By virtue of an Act of Icorporation passed the 8th day of April, A. D. 1848, entitled: "An Act to Incorporate the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia."
ArTicIvE I. The officers of said College to be elected under and by virtue of this Constitution shall consist of a President, five Vice Presi- dents, Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, Com- mitte on Membership, Committee on Finance and Buildings, Commit- tee on Dispensary, Committee on Medical Education, composed of at least five members on each committee. All of vphom shall be elected annually, on the first Monday of May in each year, from the Corpora- tors composing said College. And the Corporators shall hereafter have authority to appoint such other committees as shall be deemed necessary for the better conducting of the affairs of the College , either by resolu- tion or by By-Law.
ArTici^e; II. At any general, stated or special meeting of the Cor- porators eighteen in number shall constitute a quorum for the trans- action of any business, and all acts done by them shall be as binding and effectual upon the Corporation as if a majority of the vphole number of Corporators were personally present.
The usual duties of the officers are then stated; each com- mittee had control in its own department; stated meetings were to be held quarterly. This constitution was soon re- vised, the revision being given further on.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 1 3
CHAPTER III.
In the American Journal of Homoeopathy for May 1st, 1848, Dr. Kirby thus writes of the new college: "Experi- ence as well as theory proves a combination of pure Allopathy and pure Homoeopathy incompatible; the result of such an effort is a sort of mongrel art in medicine, which is without true physiological, pathological and therapeutical principles, and directly or indirectly hurtful to human life. Homoe- opathy is exclusive in its character and so is Allopathy. They cannot be otherwise. In the former we are not deal- ing with conventional rules which may be changed at the will of their authors, but with nature's laws, which do not change. Therefore allopathic colleges do not pretend to nor cannot impart instruction to aid students in the attainment of a knowledge of the science and art of Homoeopathy. This must be accomplished by means of schools and colleges of our own.
" We rejoice to learn that the Legislature of Pennsylvania have granted a charter for a college entitled: ' The Homoeo- pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.' This marks a new era in the history of our school, and we shall no longer be compelled to urge, as has been done, the appointment of professorships of Homoeopathy in allopathic colleges, a scheme we never could sanction. Having, there- fore, a regularly chartered College, it is essential in its organi- zation to introduce every necessary reform, which the differ- ent branches of the healing art and the profession have long demanded. There should be no imitation of anything in ex- isting colleges that does not tend to qualify students to per- form their duties truly and faithfully in the character of accomplished physicians and surgeons. Such will receive the full confidence of an intelligent community; and with such
14 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHTC
there can be competition with quacks and quackery. Truth, religion, life, health, human happiness, professional honor and professional usefulness demand the propagation of pure Homoeopathy by means of instruction by competent teachers in schools and colleges under the auspices of homooepathic physicians, and the friends of Homoeopathy."
In the September number of the same year Dr. Kirby continues: ' ' We congratulate the friends of true medical science on the establishment of the college. The very modest circular (the first), which we publish in another column, in- dicates that the course of studies will be superior to any similar institution in America."
The first stated meeting under the constitution was held on May ist, 1848, at the Assembly Building, Tenth and Chest- nut Sts. The following of&cers were elected: President, A. V. Parsons; Vice-Presidents, James M. Boom, William Geisse, Charles Brown, Jacob Snider, Jr.; Recording Secretary, Francis Sims; Corresponding Secretary, Charles Neidhard; Treasurer, William Rhoads. The following committees were then elected: Membership, John M. Kennedy, James Kay, John Hicks, Hector Tyndale, H. P. Lloyd; Finance and Buildings, Edwin M. Lewis, Daniel Deal, Robert V. Massey, John C. Da Costa, Joseph Jeanes, Isaac Elliott, Joseph S. Burnett, J. H. Hoeckley, F. King, M. E- Hallowell, C. G. Sower; Medical Education, Jacob Jeanes, Const. Hering, E. M. Davis, Samuel Freedley, James Kitchen, Caleb B. Mat- thews, William P. Esrey, E. M. Smith, George Peterson, William J. Wainwright, I. S. Waterman; Dispensary, Charles Neidhard, William C. Milligan, Walter WilHamson, Walter Ward, Samuel R. Dubs, Joseph Berens, Alfred A. Carter, Richard Gardiner, Benj. R. Miller, Augustus Koch, Alvan E. Small, John M. Kennedy.
At a meeting held May 27th, 1848, it was decided to in- crease the committee on finance and buildings from five to eleven members. At this meeting the other committees made partial reports. Dr. Hering resigned from the committee of education. The financial committee was instructed to report at an adjourned meeting on the expediency of creating a cap- ital stock and the proper amount thereof, and on the general
MEDICAL COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 1 5
means to defray the college expenses. At a meeting on June loth the report of the committee on education was presented in sections. It was accepted and the committee was instructed to draft By-Laws in unison with their report, and also to formu- late a plan for nomination and the election of professors.
The meeting of August 31st was an important one. It was decided to open a dispensary; and at the meeting on Septem- ber 7th they voted to seek subscriptions to raise the sum of $1500.00 for establishing a clinical department, and that the friends of Homoeopathy be asked to contribute not less than $5.00 each for that purpose.
With the exception of the meeting held on May ist, 1848, at the Assembly Buildings, Tenth and Chestnut Sts., all the meetings were held in the Athenaeum, until on September 28th, 1848, we find a record of a meeting in the college building, at 229 Arch St., where they were afterwards held. At the meeting September 7th the following professors were elected :
Principles and Practice of Medicine, Jacob Jeanes; Pa- thology, Charles Neidhard; Midwifery, Walter Williamson; Botany, Samuel Freedley; Surgery, Francis Sims; Materia MediCa, Const. Hering; Chemistry, Matthew Semple.
At a meeting held September i6th, Wm. A. Gardiner was elected to the chair of Anatomy and Physiology. The. committee on buildings reported that arrangements had been made for renting rooms at No. 229 Arch St. for the use of the dispensary and college. The committee were authorized to make alterations not to exceed in cost $800.
It was decided to separate the chair of Anatomy and Physi- ology, and to add the words ā -Diseases of Women and Children to the chair of Midwifery. At the next meeting, September 28th, Dr. C. B. Matthews was elected to the chair of Materia Medica. C. ly. Rademacher was elected apothecary to the dispensary. It was resolved: "That the various professors which have been elected, and who may hereafter be elected, have power to open the college b^ commencing lectures or such other medical instruction as the said professors or a majority of them shall deem most for the interests of the college; issue circulars and adopt such other means as they
1 6 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
shall think best for the proper organization of the institution for medical instruction."
There were several changes in this first faculty before the lectures commenced. Dr. Hering resigned from the chair of Materia Medica the next meeting after he was elected. Dr. Neidhard also resigned from the chair of Pathology before the lectures commenced at the meeting of October 9th. At the opening of the first course of lectures seven chairs were filled and two were vacant. But although the chairs of Physiology and Pathology were not filled by the managers until March 8th, 1849, it is probable that Dr. Alvan K. Small lectured on Physiology and Pathology.
It may be that Dr. Walter Ward shared the chair of Physi- ology. In a footnote to a history of the College in the Trans- actions of the World's Convention, Dr. A. R. Thomas says:* " Walter Ward, M. D., examined on Physiology and signed the diplomas of the first class of graduates. ' '
The first Announcement of the College was only a Circular upon which the following was printed: f
HOMCEOPATHIC Medical College of Pennsylvania. College Building, located in the rear of 229 Arch St., Philadelphia. Preliminary Instructions will commence on Monday, the i6th day of
October, 1848.
The Regular Course will begin on Monday, the 6th day of November,
and continue until the first of March ensuing.
Jacob Jeanes, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medi- cine.
Caleb B. Matthews, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica.
Walter Williamson, M. D., Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children.
Francis Sims, M. D., Professor of Surgery.
Samuel Freedley, M. D., Professor of Botany.
Matthew Semple, M. D., Professor of Chemistry.
William A. Gardiner, M. D., Professor of Anatomy.
The Chairs of Physiology and Pathology remain to be filled.
Clinical Instruction in Medicine and Surgery will be given at the Col- lege.
Lectures will be delivered throughout the year, but the wmter course only will be obligatoryā attendance on the summer course being at the option of the student.
* Trans. World's Horn. Convention, 1876, vol. 2, p. 787. t A framed copy may be seen in the College Library.
MEDICAL COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 1 7
Standard works on Homoeopathy and such books as are generally used
in other medical schools can be used as text-books. Students who have attended a full course of lectures in another medi- cal school can, after attending the winter course of this college, graduate next spring if their attainments justify it.
Fee for a Full Course, f 100 00
Practical Anatomy, 10 00
Graduation Fee, . 30 00
W. WiLlvlAMSON, M. D.,
Dean of the Faculty, No. 80 North Eleventh St., Philadelphia.
In a note to a copj^ of this, probably written by Dr. Walter Williamson, it is stated: " Alvan E. Small, M. D., was sub- sequently appointed to the Chair of Physiology."
This modest announcement was also published in the No- vember number, 1848, of Kirby's American Journal of Homoe- opathy. *
Throughout the summer of 1 848 the members of the various committees were very busy, especially committee on finance and buildings. But it was not until September 20th that a suitable building was found. On that date the rear portion of a large building located at No. 229 Arch St. was rented at a quarterly rental of $75.00. This had been the school room of Maskell M. Carll. It was also used as a meeting room of the New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgian). The approach was by an alley leading from Arch St. The present number of this building is 635 Arch St. And after the College was removed it was for many years the headquarters for homoeo- pathic pharmacy in Philadelphia. In fact it was in 1848 that Jacob Sheek entered into partnership with Charles ly. Rade- macher and located in the store at 635 Arch St. , while the College was in the rear. The building is still standing.
Even at this early day of the College its courtesies were extended to the homoeopathic profession of Philadelphia. At a meeting of the corporators held on the evening of October 9th, 1848, and before there had been any lectures, it was voted to allow the homoeopathic physicians of Philadelphia to hold meetings in the college building. At this meeting a commit-
* American Journal of Homoeopathy, New York, 1848, vol. 3, p. 3. Southwestern Horn. Jour, and Review, vol. 3, No. 2, p. 63. 3
1 8 HISTORY OF THE HOMCeOPATHIC
tee was appointed consisting of Judge Parsons, Dr. Richard Gardiner and Mr. E. M. I<ewis to prepare the design for a seal for the College. The president then appointed Drs. R. Gard- iner, S. Freedley, Walter Williamson, Jacob Jeanes, and James Kitchen to draft a diploma in the English language for the future graduates of the College. It may be stated here that at a meeting held January 22d, 1849, this committee pre- sented a form for a diploma, in English which was accepted. And now the day drew near; by means of advertisements and by the circular announcement previously given, the young men who favored Homoeopathy were informed of the daring venture of the Philadelphia ph5^sicians. Fifteen gen- tlemen responded to the call, and on the evening of Monday, October i6th, 1848, the introductory lecture was delivered in the new College building to an assemblage of ladies and gen- tlemen interested in Homoeopathy, and to the following fifteen students: John G. Shultz, Henry F. Davis, D. R. Euyties, Frederic Humphreys, Samuel O. Scudder, Nathan S. Engle, Joseph K. Clark, J. Eoxley Rhees, E. Bently Hall, M. D., John L. Jahvens, Daniel R. Gardiner, Frederic Sheek, J. H, P. Frost, Thomas S. Rodman, M. D., Charles G. Raue. After this lectures were regularly given according to a pre- pared roster, and the homoeopaths of the United States could give their students a legal diploma entirely independent of the existing schools of medicine. For this new College was equipped to teach all the branches of a medical education as completely as any college of that time, with the exception of practical clinical work, which was of course not yet estab- lished. And, in addition, students could be grounded care- fully in the new medical faith and properly taught the princi- ples of Hahnemann. It may be of interest to mention that no matriculation fees were charged for the session of 1848-49.
MEDICAIv COI^LEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. IQ
CHAPTER IV.
1848-49.
Not long after the lectures commenced the corporators real- ized the necessity of making certain changes in the regulation of college affairs.
At a meeting of the corporators on October 20th, 1848, a circular was presented addressed to them remonstrating against the organization of the College as it was at that time, and it was signed by twelve of the corporators. It was referred to the committee on Medical Education.
On January 22, 1849, this circular was adopted and its suggestions resulted in the appointment of a committee of five lay members to report a new constitution and by-laws. On January 22, 1849, the chairman, James Kay, appointed the following five members: K. M. Lewis, A. V. Parsons, James Kay, H. P. Lloyd, John M. Kennedy.
On March 8th, 1849, the corporators adopted the following amended Constitution:
Constitution of the Homceopathic College of Pennsylvania.
The amended Constitution of the " Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia," adopted by the Corporators, for the government of said College, at a meeting held by them on the eighth day of March, A. D. 1849, at the College Building, by virtue of an Act of Assembly, passed on the eighth day of April, A. D. 1848, entitled an " Act to incorporate the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia.
Art. I. The officers of said College shall consist of a President, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, and Twelve Managers, none of which members shall be medical men; to e elected on the second Monday of April next by the Corporators; and on the second Monday in April annually thereafter: who shall hold said offices for one year, and until their successors are duly elected.
Art. II. The President and the Twelve Managers shall constitute a Board of Managers of said College; and shall have power to control and
20 HISTORY OF THB HOMCEOPATHIC
manage the active affairs of the same, and properly to organize said College for the purposes of medical instruction. Said Board of Man- agers shall have authority to provide a suitable building for the Insti- tution, to appoint all the professors, or medical instructors to be em- ployed; to fix their salaries, and the price of tuition to be paid by the students; to establish and regulate the Clinical Department; and to confer on the professors, or medical instructors, such authority for the regulation of medical instruction, and provide for the examination of students, and the conferring of degrees, in such manner as they shall think best; and to adopt such Rules and By-Laws as they shall deem expedient for the control of said professors, or medical instructors, the students, and others attached to the medical department thereof, as are not inconsistent with the Act of Incorporation, or this Constitution.
Art. III. Said Board of Managers shall hold a stated meeting at the college building, on the first Thursday in every month, and oftener if necessary, and seven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. They shall appoint one of their num- ber a secretary, and shall keep a full and fair record or minutes of all their proceedings; and make a semi-annual report to the corporators of all their transactions, at a regular semi-annual meeting to be held as hereinafter provided. They shall also have the control of all the finan- cial affairs of the College, and regulate the payment or disbursement of all monies paid by the treasurer; and have full authority to do all things needful and necessary for the good government and efl&cient regulation of the College; and from time to time nominate such per- sons as they may think suitable for Corporators, to be elected at any of the meetings of said Corporators.
Art. IV. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all meet- ings of the Corporators, if present; and in his absence those present may elect a president, pro tempore, for that meeting. The President shall sign all copies of resolutions, or other papers of the Corporation, necessary to be certified under the seal of the same; confer all degrees; sign all diplomas, and perform all other duties which are or shall be hereafter enjoined upon him.
Art. V. The Recording Secretary shall keep fair and correct min- utes of all the proceedings of every meeting of the Corporators; always registering the names of the Corporators present, and record all such proceedings in a book to be provided for that purpose; keep the seal of the corporation, and attach it to such papers as require the same, with his attestation, after being signed by the President, and perform such other duties as shall be enjoined upon him.
Art. VI. The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct the correspond- ence for and on behalf of the Corporation; preserving copies of all com- munications he shall make, and report such letters and papers as he shall from time to time receive, which are deemed important or re- quired by the Corporators or Board of Managers.
MEDICAI. COLI.KGK OF PKNNSYI^VANIA. 2 1
Art. VII. The Treasurer shall collect, receive and disburse all the money of the Corporation, in such manner as shall be directed by the Board of Managers; and keep correct and fair accounts of the same, and make report thereof to the Board of Managers and Corporators when required; and when demanded, give bonds in such sum as shall be re- quired by the Board of Managers.
Art. VIII. At any general, stated, or special meeting of the Cor- porators, eighteen in number shall constitute a quorum for the trans- action of business, and all acts done by them shall be as binding and eflfectual upon the Corporators, as if a majority of the whole number were present.
Art. IX. There shall be a semi-annual meeting held by the Cor- porators at the College Building, on the second Thursday of September and March, in each year; and special meetings may be called by the President on giving three days' previous notice to the Corporators, on the application of the Board of Managers by resolution, or on a peti- tion in writing, signed by twenty Corporators; in both instances the object of the special meeting shall be clearly stated, and no business shall be transacted at such meeting but that mentioned in the applica- tion and call for the same, except the election of new Corporators. And at each semi-annual meeting of the Corporators, the Board of Managers shall make a full and correct report of all their proceedings during the previous six months, and present, if required, the record of their proceedings to the Corporators for their inspection.
Art. X. All nominations for new Corporators shall be made by the Board of Managers, and every Corporator, on his admission, shall pay five dollars for the use of the Corporation; and all Corporators now be- longing, and all who shall hereafter be elected, shall annually, on or before the second Monday in April, pay two dollars for the use and support of the Dispensary and other expenses of the Corporation.
Art. XL No Corporator shall be expelled except at a stated meet- ing, nor until he has had one month's notice of the charges against him, and a full opportunity of being heard before the Corporators, or a committee duly constituted to investigate the case.
Art. XII. The Corporators may from time to time adopt such By- Laws as they shall think best for their own government and the de- spatch of business; provided, they are not inconsistent with the Act of Incorporation, or this Constitution.
Art. XIII. All officers, or corporators whose election is provided for by this Constitution, shall be elected by ballot; and if a vacancy shall occur b}^ death, resignation, or otherwise during the year, such vacancy shall be filled by an election at any meeting of the Corpora- tors; and the person so elected shall hold office until the next aunual election, and a successor be duly elected.
Art. XIV. The Constitution adopted by this Corporation on the 27th day of April, A. D. 1848, so far as it is inconsistent with this, is
22 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
now repealed and annulled, and this in all its parts shall be hereafter the Constitution of the ' ' Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylva- nia, in Philadelphia," until altered or amended as hereinafter provided.
Art XV. The Constitution shall not be altered or amended except at the annual meeting of the Corporators, on the second Monday in April, nor then unless the proposed alterations or amendments are sub- mitted in writing, at least three months before at a meeting of the Corporators for their examination, and adopted at said annual meeting by a vote of the members present.
Art. XVI. The officers now holding offices in said College shall continue to hold their respective stations until the second Monday in April next, until their successors are elected under this amended Con- stitution.
Resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Corporators, held the four- teenth day of March, A. D. 1850, viz: ā
First ā Resolved, That every Corporator who shall refuse or neglect to pay the annual assessment of two dollars, with the arrearages to the Treasurer, by the second Monday of April, shall not be allowed to vote for officers at the election.
Second ā Resolved, That when a Corporator refuses or neglects to pay the annual assessment of two dollars, together with arrearages of three successive years, it shall be considered ground for expulsion.
Third ā Resolved, That the above resolutions be signed by the Presi- dent and Secretary, and a copy sent to each member of the College.
By-Laws of the Board of Managers.
Resolved, That there be the following Standing Committees ā to consist of three members each ā whose duty it shall be to report their proceedings to each monthly meeting of the Board, and oftener if re- quired, viz: ā
A Committee on Finance, to have charge of and examine the financial affairs of the College.
A Committee on the Dispensary and Clinical Department of the College.
A Committee on nomination of Corporators.
A Committee on Buildings.
The Treasurer of the College shall keep two separate accounts; one of the money received for the Dispensary, and another of the sums received from students for tuition, &c.
The admission fees and the annual subscriptions paid by the Cor- porators shall be applied towards defraying the expenses of the Dis- pensary, as well as all sums subscribed for that purpose under the by- laws this day adopted, or otherwise appropriated thereto.
All sums received for tuition, &c., shall be first appropriated towards
MKDICAL COIvIyEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 23
the payment of the rent of the College, the expenses of light, fuel and Janitor, and the balance to the Professors.
The Board of Managers shall designate what portion of the fund set apart for the Dispensary shall be applied towards the rent of the Col- lege Building, and also what proportion of the two funds above men- tioned shall be applied towards paying the Janitor of the College.
All money shall be drawn from the Treasury by a resolution of the Board, and the order shall be signed by the Chairman of the Committee on Finance.
All sums required to be paid for a diploma shall be paid to the Dean, and by him handed over to the Treasurer, to be credited like all other sums to the appropriate fund.
Resolved, That the Faculty of the College have authority to invite medical gentlemen of respectable standing to deliver gratuitous lec- tures at the College, on such occasions as shall be designated by them; provided, that such lectures shall not interfere with the regular course required to be delivered to the students.
Resolved, That this Board will, on the recommendation of the Fac- ulty, elect such gentlemen, Fellows and Corresponding Members of the College, as are deemed worthy of the station.
At a Corporators' meeting, Jan. 8, 1849, it was voted that the oflScers of the College memorialize the Legislature to grant the College the power of granting the degree of Doctor of Medicine generally, and Doctor of Homoeopathic Medicine.
24 HISTORY OF THEJ HOMCEOPATHIC
CHAPTER V.
The first public Commencement was held on Thursday- March 15, 1849, in the Musical Fund Hall, and the degree of the College was conferred by the President, the Hon. A. V. Parsons, upon the following gentlemen, who presented theses on these subjects: Joseph K. Clark, of Massachusetts, Homoeopathy; Henry F. Davis, of Ohio, Symptoms of the Ear; Nathan S. Kngle, New Jersey, Menstruation; Daniel E. Gardiner Pennsylvania, Pleuritis; E. Bently Hall, New Jersey; Samuel O. Scudder, New York, Evils of Excessive Indulgence in Venery,*
The diplomas were in English and were signed by the nine professors.
The purpose of the three enthusiasts had been fulfilled; the HomcEOpathic Medical College of Pennsylvania was an accom- plished fact; a session had been held successfully, and of the fifteen gentlemen who had attended lectures, six, who had already attended lectures elsewhere, received the degree of Doctor of Homoeopathic Medicine.
The somewhat scanty periodical literature of our school noticed this triumph, articles were published in Kirby's American Journal of Homoeopathy ; in the Qtcarterly Homoeo- pathic Journal; in the Southwestern Homoeopathic Journal and Review; in Shipman's North Western Journal of Homoe- opathia. The British Journal of Homoeopathy mentioned it, and the Homoeopathic Times, London, also praised the bold success of the American Brotherhood.
The British fournal of Homoeopathy for 1849 contains the following notice of the new college:! " Few of our readers
* In the third Ann'm't the title of Dr. Hall's thesis is not given. fBrit. Jl. Hem., vol. vii, p. 544.
MEDICAI. COIvI^EGB OF PKNNSYI.VANIA. 25
are probably aware that our transatlantic brethren are so far in advance of us, that not only do there exist in the United States, several homoeopathic societies that can number their members by fifties and hundreds, and that hold frequent and numerously attended meetings, but that tnere now exists a College in Philadelphia which holds its charter from the lyCgislature of Pennsylvania, has its regularly appointed pro- fCvSSors, who indoctrinate the rising generation in all the branches of medical science, and confers its degree of M. D. on those who give proofs of their proficiency on examination." A report of the regulations of the College then follows.
At a meeting on April 9, 1849, Dr. Jacob Jeanes resigned his professorship. Dr. Dudley, in his lecture upon the Old College, thus mentions this event: "Another im- portant change that occurred shortly after the close of the first session was the resignation of Professor Jeanes. This resignation seems to have been prompted solely by the press- ure of other duties and the care of an exceedingly extensive private practice. Few events in the College history have been occasion of more lasting regret. Dr. Jeanes' influence upon the young college had been both stimulant and con- servative. He seems to have understood, even better than most of his colleagues, the necessities of the times, and the dangers to which the college was exposed, and those dangers, as seen from our present standpoint, were far more imminent and numerous than the college authorities supposed. Not only his high professional attainments, but his personal quali- ties, his religious views, and even his political conceptions, imparted to him a fitness possessed by few of his contempo- raries for the peculiar requirements of his position. Genial and forbearing, resolute and uncompromising, he could pro- fess and practice a real friendship for his allopathic foe, but neither threats nor ridicule, neither argument nor diplomacy, could 3'oke his conscience nor fetter his thought. Some of us can remember when, more than twenty years afterwards, he stood up in the County Society, and holding up his venerable hands said, ' no man shall rivit gyves on these wrists.' The American Medical Association might and did place a yoke where all the military power of England could not ā upon
26 HISTORY OF THE HOMGeOPATHIC
the neck of the United States Government, but was too contemptibly, puny and weak to fetter the medical opinion and action of Dr. Jacob Jeanes. He was a man for his times and medicine needed him ā oh ! how urgently !
' ' Notwithstanding his withdrawal from the active duties of the professorship he continued to give his influence and his help to the Institution, and even when he could not approve of all its policy he still gave to it the full measure of his con- scientious support, and this continued throughout the twenty - eight years of his remaining life. ' '
Dr. Jeanes was also appointed one of the eighteen dis- pensary physicians, but declined the honor.
On May 17, 1849, Dr. William S. Helmuth was elected to take the place made vacant by Dr. Jeanes' resignation. And he was requested to meet a committee of the Board at the College to assist in an early organization of the dispensary.
It may be mentioned that when Dr. Helmuth died, in 1880, the Faculty of that time passed resolutions of regret.
The first report of the Treasurer was presented to the Finance Committee on May 18, 1849.
The following report of the Finance Committee gives us the state of the finances of the new institution soon after the close of the first session:
Report of Committke of Finance Ending June 7, 1849. The Board of Managers of the Homoeopathic Medical College having- by a Resolution of loth of May, 1849, requested the Committee of Finance to report to the Board a system for collecting and distribut" ing the funds of the Corporation and also to ascertain the present con- dition of the Finances of the College
The said Committee, having examined into the matter entrusted to them, beg leave to make the following report:
An examination into the condition of the Finances of the College produces the following view of the whole movement of the same to this period and of the outstanding claims and indebtedness. The Treasurer by his account dated 18th May, 1849,
received from Contributors the sum of, ... . $355 00
And from Dr. W. Williamson, cash 300 00
And Dr. W. Williamson by his account herewith,
dated i6th and 29th May, 1849, received cash
from students for tickets and graduation fees, . 670 00 From two contributors, 10 00
680 00
MEDICAIv COLIvKGE OF PKNNSYI.VANIA. 27
Deduct paid as above to Treasurer, 300 00 380 00
Making actual cash receipts, $1035 00
And the Treasurer paid by his account, $66 1 39
Dr. W. Williamson paid as follows: For two quarters rent to 20th March, on account,
|75 00, I150 00
Six months wages to Janitor to 9th, on account,
$25 00, 150 00
Carpenters' work, etc., as per account 231 86 531 86
I1193 25 Showing a deficiency in cash of I158 25.
Of which there is due to Dr. Williamson, 151 86
" " " " " " the Treasurer, 6 39
It may be mentioned that the sum of $23 or balance due to Dr. Jeanes has been liberally given by that gentleman as a life subscription to the College, or to be placed to his credit on accotmt of his annual contri- bution as per his letter of May 16, 1849.
The outstanding claims appear to be as follows:
In the hands of E- Vallette, collector, $25 00, valued at $20 00.
In notes of hand of students of which it is supposed that $100 may possibly be collected, $240 no value.
Thirty-nine Corporators have not yet paid their contribution of $5 oo each, f 195 valued at $150 00.
Total outstanding claims I460, Value fiyo 00.
Which if collected to the amount of the estimated value would be sufficient to meet the cash deficiency.
The indebtedness consists of sundry bills for drugs, etc., etc., as per Dr. Williamson's account referred to, amounting to, $283 06.
The demands for some of the said bills are said to be quite pressing.
The total indebtedness is therefore ā
For cash advanced, $158 25
And for above bills, 283 06
Amounting, 441 31
To this must be added the following current expendi- tures to October next, during which time the College can of course earn nothing:
One quarter's rent due 20th June next, $ 75 00
" " " " 2oth Sept., 75 00
Janitor's wages to 9th of Oct. next, five months on ac- count, I25 00, 125 00
Gas bill to Oct. next, say, 25 00 300 00
Making a total of, ^741 31
28 HISTORY OP THE HOMCEOPATHIC
To be positivel}^ provided for, without taking into account the claims of the Dispensary for the same period, or incidental expenses connected with the necessary preparations for the ensuing winter's course of the College.
Such, then, may be deemed to be the present condition of the finances.
Before proceeding in the attempt to fulfill the remainder of their duty under the resolution, the committee present the following data gathered from the foregoing exhibit and accompanying documents:
8i Contributors paid the sum of, I405 00
39 Corporators have yet not paid, 195 00
|6oo 00
Receipts of the College in cash, $670 00
Due by Students and unpaid, 240 00 I910 00
Expenditures paid by and for the College, $ii93 25
Bills due and unpaid, 283 06
Rent accruing to October next, 300 00
I1776 31 Indebted to October next, say, $750 00
With these data before us the Committee beg leave to fur i her report:
That assuming the earnings of the College to be as much as last year, and all in cash, say f 1000.00, there would be deficit at the end of the ensuing year an amount equal to the last, say ^750.00, making alto- gether I1500.00 to be provided for.
As by the Constitution the annual subscription of each Corporator is fixed at f2.oo, and as the number of Corporators seems to be only 120, the sum so raised would amount to but ^240.00.
Add to this the amount probably yet collectable from Corporators, estimated at I170.00, and we have but about I400.00 towards satisfying our necessities. A moderate increase of success in the College would easily do this. Your Committee cannot doubt that the success of the College will be equal to all our reasonable wishes, but while so believ- ing they cannot advise an entire dependence upon its strength in this early stage of its existence, deeming it better that we should act towards it the part of a parent now, to be amply repaid for our care of its youth by its early vigorous maturity.
In the opinion of your Committee it will accordingly be the duty of the Corporators and friends of the College to raise a sum sufficient to pay off at least the present arrearage and leave a small balance in the Treasury, and they think that the sum of six hundred dollars in addi- tion to the four hundred dollars above alluded to, making in all one thousand dollars, will effect this object.
Your Committee therefore in first discharge of their present duty
me;dicaIv coIvIvEGe of Pennsylvania. 29
respectfully submit the following resolutions for the consideration of the Board:
Resolved, That the Finance Committee be directed to appoint a col- lector who shall, under their instructions, proceed at once to the col- lection of the remaining unpaid contributions.
Resolved, That the annual contribution of $2.00 for the year 1849 is now due, and that said Committee be requested to direct the immediate collection of the same.
Resolved, That the Managers, Dispensary Physicians, Corporators and other friends of the College, individually, be requested to procure names for nomination to membership of the College to be nominated and elected under the provisions of the Constitution.
Resolved, That the Finance Committee be authorized to procure sub- scriptions to a loan for a sum not exceeding six hundred dollars, payable in six months, or sooner if in funds, without interest, and that Certifi- cates in form of a receipt to be signed by the Secretary of this Board with the seal of the Corporation afl&xed thereto be issued accordingly therefor.
Philadelphia, Jim e "/, 1849.
All which is respectfully submitted,
Henry J. Boller, W. M. Kennedy.
30 HISTORY OF THE; HOMOEOPATHIC
CHAPTER VI.
But one course of lectures was given in the building on Arch street. The College records show that a meeting was held in the College Building, rear of 229 Arch street, on September 13, 1849. This was the last assembly of the Faculty on Arch street. The next record appearing on the book is of a meet- ing held March 14, 1850, in the College Building, Filbert street, above nth street.
A communication, dated July 3, 1849, was addressed to the Board of Managers of the College in regard to a change of building:
Your Faculty, during the first session of the College, having ex- perienced much difficulty and inconvenience in the discharge of the duties of their respective chairs on account of inadequate accommoda- tions in the building now occupied, and believing that more suitable apartments would not only add to the comfort and convenience both of the professors and students, but also to the numbers of the latter, at least commensurate with any increased expenditure; therefore, beg leave to call the attention of the Board to the building recently in the occupancy of the Pennsylvania Medical College, which is now for rent and in every way adapted to the purposes of a medical school.
The Faculty will be gratified should you deem it expedient to let said building, the cost of which, all things considered, will not in all probability greatly exceed that of our present location, and it is to be hoped that an opportunity so favorable to the interests of the Institu- tion will not be suffered to pass unimproved.
July 3, 1849. Very respectfully,
M. Semple, Com Faculty, H. M. C.
The above premises may be had for about f 800 00. Rent at present is $300.00. An income for use of lecture room on Sabbaths, $300.00. Rent of Janitor's house, $100.00. Difference in rent, $100.00.
On September 13, 1849, the Committee on Building re- ported:
That they have taken the building now occupied by the Penn-
MEDICAI, COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 3 1
sylvania College of Medicine, of M. Newkirk, for eighteen months, at a reat of one thousand dollars per year, he making a donation of two hundred dollars, personal security being given for the rent of said building.*
They also report that they have purchased of the Faculty of the Pennsylvania College the cases, gas fixtures, hydrants in the building, curtains, benches in upper lecture room, etc., and the unexpired lease until November, for the sum of seven hundred (I700.00) dollars, to be paid all in cash in the month of October, or a note for five hundred dollars at ninety days and the balance in cash.
H:ENRY p. I^i^oyd, Chairman.
In an article published in September, 1849, Dr. Kirby thus speaks of the new College, then about to enter upon its second course under circumstances of increased promise:!
' ' Homoeopathic Medical College of Penns^dvania. This Institution is now regularly organized, as may be seen by its advertisement in another column of this journal. We have conversed with students who attended the course of lectures in 1848-9, and they expressed entire satisfaction with the Faculty and their mode of teaching. It will be perceived that a more complete course of lectures on all the branches of medicine and surgery is not likely to be delivered in any other college in this country. Those of the Faculty with whom we are measurably acquainted, we do not doubt, are qualified for the duties they have undertaken. The Homoeo- pathic Medical School of Pennsylvania must be sustained, for the interest of our school and of every practitioner of our art is more or less identified with its prosperity. From this col- lege we may expect the pure stream of medical truth to flow; and hundreds of young men may here quench their thirst for a genuine medical science and art.
' ' It affords us a high degree of gratification that we have a medical school of our own, and that it is no longer necessary for students of medicine to be deprived of the opportunity of thoroughly learning the doctrine and practice of that great luminary in medicine ā Hahnemann. In this college there are men who are not only learned in all that has heretofore
* This building vs^as originally built by Mr. Matthew Newkirk for the Philadelphia Institute for the Instruction of Young Men.
tKirby's Am. Jour. Horn., New York: Dean, 1849, vol. 4, p. 76,
32 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
pertained to accomplished physicians and surgeons, but they also understand and are skilled in the practice of Homoe- opathia. After a while, when the graduates of this institu- tion begin to move among the people in the practice of their profession, the diploma from the Homoeopathic College will command a degree of confidence that has never been secured by any similar establishment in our country. The Faculty have it in their power to accomplish this most desirable object, and from our knowledge of them we believe they will secure it."
In the same number is an advertisement of the second ses- sion, of 1849-50.
One year after the opening of the college the finances were as follows:
Finance Report, Oct. 4, 1849.
The Committee of Finance report that in their report of 7th of
June there appeared a balance due the Treasurer of ... | 6 39
The Collector, Mr. Vallette, subsequently paid him collections
made to 13th of June last 23 00
L,eaving a balance in treasury of ^1661
The Treasurer further reports to the Committee a balance in
favor of Dispensary of $121 80
Making $138 41
And a balance against the College account since June 13 of . . fug 55
Showing balance in his hands of $ 18 86
The actual collections paid to the Treasurer, and embodied in the above statement, were:
Donations from 13th of June to loth of Sept $ 38 19
Donations from loth of Sept. to this date 92 50
Annual subscriptions, 1848-49 34 00
Ivife subscriptions 52 00
|2i6 69 The Committee would further report, that two life subscrip- tions have been made, but not yet paid in, amounting
each to I25.00 $ 50 00
And the subscriptions to loan authorized by Managers .... 775 00 Of the appropriations authorized, the following have been paid by draft on the Treasurer, viz. :
MEDICAL COLIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 33
E. Jackson I 19 Ā§9
B. Mayo, rent to 20th of June 75 00
Moyer & Hazard 89 55
Miller & Roberts 20 00
$204 44 Leaving of the appropriations, it is believed, but |io.oo unpaid. As the subscriptions to loan already exceed the amount authorized to be borrowed by resolution of the Managers on 7th of June last, and will no doubt still increase, the Committee suggest an amendment to that resolution concerning their power to borrow ^2,000 instead of |6oo. They also suggest that a committee to examine the Treasurer's ac- count, &c., be appointed.
All which is respectfully submitted,
Henry J. BollER, Chrn.
Finance Report, December 6, 1849.
The Committee on Finance report that of the loan of $2000.00 author- ized, $975.00 has been subscribed, for $875.00 of which paid in certifi- cates have been duly issued. Since last report, October 4th, $164.00 has been received in donations and life and annual subscriptions to the Dispensary. The appropriation authorized at meeting of October 5th, were paid as follows:
Capewell Bros., $ 64 75
Weaver & Volkman, 30 81
Union of Associationists, 49 50
R. J. Framway, 6 42
Daily News, 10 00
Dr. W. "Williamson, 106 33
Also a former appropriations to H. Wetherald, 10 00
?277.8i
The sum of seven hundred dollars was also paid for cases and fixtures as authorized to and on the order of Dr. H. S. Patterson, Registrar of the Pennsylvania College, from whom the same had been purchased.
The balance in hands of the Treasurer is $90.05, after above receipt and payments.
The Committee have appointed Mr. E. Vallette collector of subscrip- tions, etc., from whom no report is yet received.
The Committee suggest that more evidence in the shape of a receipt or certificate should be given to those who have paid Life subscriptions to the Dispensary.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
H. J. BoLLER, Chairman.
Phila., Dec. 6, i84g.
34 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
CHAPTER VII.
The new building into which the interests of our new Col- lege were transferred in September, 1849, was situated on the upper or north side of Filbert street, between nth and 12th streets, at No. 11 05. It was a square stone building four stories high and with a basement. It had been occupied by the old Pennsylvania Medical College and previous to that by a church.
In the centre fronting on Filbert street a double row of steps jutted out from the wall ; they ended in a broad stone platform or doorstep. Entrance could thus be gained to the College from the West or from the East. These steps and platform were protected by an iron railing that extended the length of the steps on either side. The entrance to the old College was almost exactly similar to the present side entrance to the College building on Broad, street.
From the sidewalk immediateiy in front of the platform descending two or three steps and passing under the huge raised doorstep one entered the basement of the College. Here, on the left when entering, was the dispensary, and on the right a waiting room for patients. In the rear was a room for practical surgery, the arrangements for heating, and rooms and conveniences for the preparation and storage of anatomical material. Ascending on either side, the outside steps, one en- tered by a folding door, that was always open during the day, into a hall or shallow entry extending the width of the build- ing. In each front corner of this vestibule there was a spiral staircase winding upward to the fourth story. To the right as one entered was the little closet built under the angle of the staircase, which was used by the janitor as headquarters, where he kept his keys, his few books, and from whence he delivered letters to the students. A door on each side of the
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MEDICAL COIvLEGK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 35
rear wall of this entry opened into the lower lecture room. In the centre of the wall there was a large folding door that was never opened. On the inside of this door hung copies of the College diploma.
Near the janitor's den and the right hand door was the College blackboard bearing on its grimy face the many medi- cal legends and scraps of college news, notices of books for sale, college meetings; many a busy doctor remembers that old blackboard.
On the right was a square hole in the floor on a line with the circle made b}^ the winding stairway. A long rope at- tached to a windlass at the top story descended into the celllar through this trap-hole, and subjects were by this means taken up into the dissecting room.
The right door was the popular entrance door for the stu- dents, it was near the janitor's room, and just within in the wall behind the blackboard was the grateful flue of the great heater, where on frosty mornings the students gathered before the first lecture.
This first room was the principal lecture room of the col- lege. It extended over the entire area of the college build- ing. The ceiling was lofty; and in both walls were numerous windows; for the college being isolated on both sides by an alley could use both its walls for light. From the entrance the floor extended downward by means of long steps. In the middle was a block of long slips or pews having sloping backs and each being capable of seating ten or twelve persons. A partition ran down the middle of this block, thus making two divisions of pews, and the entrance to each division was from the end. An aisle extended down the outside on each side of the room and between these aisles and the walls was another block of pews set against either side wall.
How many a white haired man will recognize this descrip- tion of the old lecture room with the hard wooden benches and the pitiless slope of their backs, the round mahogany top-rail with its tower marks from the student's knife ? Then there were four posts set in the centre of the room used as supports to the floor above, and the delight of getting a seat
3J5 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
against one of these round pillars, as then one had some rest for the back above the lumbar vertebrae.
This rounded moulding extended on the tops of the seats and the partitions throughout the room. The last time the writer saw the old room nearly all this moulding had been torn from the tops of the seats and carried away as relics by students and alumni; this was just about the time when the College was finally given up.
In the old days there were no cushions on the seats, but in the record of a meeting of the faculty, held June 12th, 1873, appears the following: On motion, the Dean and Dr. A. R. Thomas were appointed a committee to provide cushions for the seats in the two lecture rooms, and a carpet for the faculty room. These cushions were of hair, covered with oil-cloth. This afforded the students an excellent opportunity to demon- strate their skill with the knife, so that it was not long before the pelves of the embryonic medics were again seated on the hard wood. Another innovation from the old times was that in 1875 a railing was placed in front of the rostrum to protect it from the approach of the students. The faculty were given keys to this railing.
Below the central pews and separated from the lower of them by a narrow passage there was a low platform, and on this, extending its length and nearly the length of the double row of seats, was the desk, behind which the professors stood. On this desk was placed the lecturer's stand or manuscript holder. On either side was a room; the west one was separated from the lecture room by a partition of glass in small window sashes. This was the laboratory of the Col- lege, and one could see through the partition the heterogeneous collection of glassware and instruments for chemical experi- mentation. On the east side was an oblong glass closet also filled with apparatus, the back being of wood. Behind this was a retiring place or ante-room for the lecturer. From this a staircase led to the basement, and behind the rear wall of the rostrum was a door leading from the building.
In this room the lectures on Materia Medica, Chemistry, Practice, Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence were given, and here also were held the clinics before the class, daily. The
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 37
seating capacity was about six hundred. Here for many years were held, monthly, the meetings of the Philadelphia County Medical Society; here also were convened all the meetings of the homcEOpathic fraternity, held for other reasons. The walls have echoed to the voices of many of the best in our bead-roll of the departed, Hering, Williamson, Helmuth, Jeanes, Neidhard, Raue, Gardiner, Lippe, Guernsey, Mc- Clatchey, lyce. Kitchen, Farrington, and many others The number of students who sat in the lecture room in the old days counts nearly a thousand.
Looking at the outside of the college building it appeared as if two oblong blocks were placed together, one upon the other, the lower one containing the basement and the first lecture room, the higher block containing the three upper stories. The front wall was composed of blocks of greyish stone,* squared and built up like brick-work. One sees the double staircase, the door of the college, and below the door to the basement under the staircase to the College entrance. The front of the top block, however, displays a different architecture. Four fluted columns rise from the bottom of the block or the roof of the first story, two on a side, to the top of the building, supporting an entablature; the roof is flat. Between these double rows of columns there was an alcove or sunken balcony extending to the top of the pillars. In this story was the Museum, and windows opened from it upon the sombre and illy lighted balcony. Passing up the winding stair, the left or western one, the student's stairway, the professors used the other one, we reached the second story. On this floor was the Museum and some smaller rooms at the front corners, used by the professors. The Museum, which dates from the opening of the College, covered this entire story. The room in which it was situated was large, being fifty-two feet long by forty-five in width, and the ceiling was very high. Ranged around the walls were glass cases; cases also extended down the middle of the room. Some of these cases are still in the Museum at the present College building. The fourth announcement says of this
* Sanded brick.
38 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
room: The Museum of the College, though yet in its infancy, contains ample materials for study in wax models, anatomical preparations, morbid and healthy specimens, both in a dry and wet state, a very large collection of anatomical, surgi- cal and obstetrical plates in life-size, a cabinet of minerals, specimens of the Materia Medica, philosophical instruments, etc. I^ater on a library was commenced in the same room as the Museum. During the last years in the College a small lecture room was made in the Filbert street end of the Museum room.
Passing up another flight of the winding stairs and along a passageway beside the west wall we reach the top of the amphitheatre. It was semi-circular and in the half-circle below was a long table that revolved upon a pivot; an articulated skeleton hung at each side, near enough to the seats of the boys in the lower row that they were able in odd moments of waiting before the lecture commenced to take grotesque liberties with those relics of departed humanity.
In this room were given the lectures on anatomy, surgery and obstetrics. About 1877 the Dispensary was moved from the basement to the top of the building and then the spaces behind and under the seats were used as waiting rooms for the various patients who were brought before the students at clinic. And after the hospital opened patients were taken directly from the hospital into the old amphitheatre.
Still another winding flight; a narrow door admits us to a room extending from one end of the building to the other and as wide as the walls themselves. This is the dissecting room and is well equipped with customary tables. It was in the upper floor of the building. Sometime about 1870 that room was made smaller; the rear half of it was taken to make a higher wall for the amphitheatre and the dissecting room was confined to the front half of the fourth floor.
MEDICAI, COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 39
CHAPTER VIII.
The second announcement was a great improvement from the little one-paged circular of 1848. It is an octavo pamphlet of sixteen pages, containing the names of the officers of the College, the names of the eighteen dispensary physicians, with the obstetrician, the Facultj^ of Medicine, the report of the Session of 1848-9. Then follows an introduction, which we quote:
' ' It may not be improper to accompany the second annual announcement of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn- sylvania with a few explanatory remarks.
' ' Since the intelligence of the community has been awak- ened to an investigation of the peculiarities of Homoeopathy, as a consequent result there has been an imperative demand for physicians thoroughly educated in this branch of medical science, as well as in all other useful learning pertaining to the profession.
' ' To insure the attainment of an end so desirable, and to render equal justice both to the profession and to Society, under an Act of Incorporation by the lyCgislature of our State has the charter of the College been obtained.
' ' The course of instruction in this Institution will em- brace as wide a range as in any other medical school in the country; and in addition thereto instruction will be given in Homoeopathy, which unfolds the great central principal of remedial action.
' ' The evidence of Homoeopathy, being a great central truth in medicine, is so conclusive that no additional testi- mony is needed in its defence. In every enlightened country it has its advocates among men of the most distinguished at- tainments and of the most undoubted integrity, who by fair experiment have tested the truth of its practical advantages.
40 HISTORY OP THE HOMCEOPATHIC
' ' Homoeopathy is by no means an arbitrary term expressive of a sectarian faith in medicine, but a classic and significant appellation of a universal law of medicine, briefly expressed in the phrase ^ Siinitia siniilibus curajitur.' Attraction and gravitation bear about the same relation to matter that Homoe- opathy bears to all remedial agents, whether administered by one physician or another.
' ' The great discovery of Newton elicited about the same opposition from the learned of his time, as Homoeopathy re- ceives in our day from the Allopathic school, and in the latter instance the chance of a successful warfare is as great, but no greater than in the former.
" If due attention were paid to the subject no practitioner of any school whatever, would ever witness a curative effect of the medicine he prescribes, unless ' similia similibus ' is written on the successful result.
' ' It will be perceived that any medical education would be incomplete without a knowledge of this law of remedial ac- tion, and we may state moreover that all attempts to practice in any of the departments of the profession, whether in surgery, midwifery, or the ordinary treatment of the sick, without reference to the facilities which the light of this great truth may shed upon such efforts, would be groping in the dark.
" If Homoeopathy is a veritable science (and we cherish no doubts on this score) it is destined to diffuse new light into all of the departments of medicine, to divest them of obscurities, that will lead to the detection of abuses and promote a desir- able reform. It is by no means sufl&clent that Homoeopathy as applied to the ordinary practice of medicine should be taught, while the mind of the student is constantly biased by allopathic instruction in surgery, midwifery, etc. It is neces- sary that the course of medical instruction should be such as effectually to guard against abuses of this character, for if the great central principle of our medical faith be true there is nothing more absurd than the idea of our students being necessarily placed in a position to have their confidence im- paired with regard to its practical advantages. A Homoeo- pathic School then is necessary, in which all the branches are
MKDICAI, COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 4I
taught in harmonious order. Though the merely mechanical parts of surgery and midwifery may be the same in one school as the other, yet be it remembered, Homoeopathy is as applicable in the medical treatment of these departments as in the treatment of ordinary diseases; and, besides, it has been clearly ascertained that by far the greater proportion of what are usually denominated surgical diseases can be entirely eradicated by the internal administration of homoeopathic remedies, without any dexterous handling of the gorget or scalpel; and further, many such cases, by no means curable by an operation, are perfectly so under homoeopathic treat- ment.
" Physiology and pathology, and all the collateral branches, are severally renewed and made to wear a new aspect when viewed in the noon- day light, which the discovery of the law ' si7mlia similibus ' has shed upon the profession of medi- cine.
' ' It wall be the effort of the Homoeopathic College to demonstrate the truthfulness of the foregoing remarks, by rendering the student familiar with practical illustrations. To effect this desirable object the more readily, and in a more effectual manner than can be learned from books, a dispensary based on a broad foundation has been connected with the College. In this department students will have the advantage of clinical instruction in all the practical departments of the profession; and, at the same time, opportunity will be afforded for witnessing the practice of a large number of the homoeo- pathic physicians."
REGUI.ATIONS OF THE COLI.EGE.
The affairs of the Institution are under the control of a Board of Managers, consisting of the President of the College and twelve gen- tlemen, elected annually by the Corporation, which is comprised of one hundred and six members.
The Faculty shall have authority to elect their own officers, consist- ing of a President and Dean, hold meetings for the purpose of arrang- ing and conducting the business of their department, and for the preservation of order and decorum among the medical students.
The Winter Course of Medical Lectures will begin annually on the first Monday in October, and end about the first of March ensuing.
Graduates of respectable medical schools shall be permitted to attend
42 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
the lectures of the College, free of expense, except the payment of the matriculation fee.
A candidate for graduation must be of good moral character, and be possessed of sufficient preliminary education, have attained the age of twenty-one years, have applied himself to the study of medicine for three years, attended two courses of medical lectures, the last of which must have been in this Institution; and have been during that time, the private pupil, for two years, of a respectable practitioner of medicine.
Students who have attended one complete course of lectures in an- other medical school where the same branches are taught as in this, may become candidates by attendance upon one full course in this In- stitution.
The candidate, when making an application for "an examination, must exhibit his tickets to the Dean, or give other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty, to prove that the above regulations have been complied with.
Special examinations in particular cases may be had, with the con- sent of the Faculty.
The examination of the candidates for graduation will begin about the middle of March; and the Commencement for conferring the Degree of the College, shall be held by a special mandamus of the Board of Managers, as soon after the close of the lectures as practicable.
The candidate, on or before the first of February, must deliver to the Dean of the Faculty a thesis composed by himself, and in his own handwriting, on some medical subject, which shall be referred to one of the professors for examination.
The essay must be written on thesis paper, of a uniform size, the al- ternate pages being left blank.
General bad spelling, or inattention to the rules of grammar, will preclude the candidate from an examination for a degree.
A thesis may be published by the candidate, permission of the Medi- cal Faculty being first obtained.
The candidate shall pay the fees of graduation at the time of pre- senting his thesis, and in the event of his rejection, the money shall be returned to him. The order of the examinations of the candidates shall be determined numerically by lot.
The examinations shall be conducted in private by each professor, and the voting in the case of every candidate shall be by ballot.
A student receiving two-thirds of the whole vote of the Faculty, shall be considered as having passed.
If in the opinion of the Faculty a candidate would be very much benefited by attending another course of lectures, of which the Dean will inform him, he may withdraw his thesis without being considered as rejected.
If a candidate should not be successful in the first ballot, and one or more of the professors have any remark to make in relation to his qual-
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 43
ifications, they shall be heard, and if the case demands it, a second vote may be taken. In unsatisfactor}^ cases, the candidate may avail him- self of a second examination, before the whole Faculty, with their con- sent.
Formal notice of the successful examination shall be given by the Dean to the passed candidates, each of whom shall record his name and address upon the Register of Graduates, with the title of his thesis.
The names of the passed candidates are to be reported by the Dean to the President, who will communicate such report to the Board of Man- agers, in order, if approved of by them, their mandamus be issued for conferring the degree.
A passed candidate may not absent himself from the commencement without the permission of the Faculty.
Amount of fees for a full course of lectures . . . |ioo 00
Matriculation fee (paid once only) 5 00
Practical anatomy 10 00
Graduation fee 30 00
Fee for students who have attended two full courses
in another medical school 30 00
Admission to the practice of the dispensary is without charge. The matriculation ticket must first be obtained of the Dean, before any other tickets can be purchased.
The tickets must be taken by the first Monday in November, except in special cases, to constitute a full course.
Students who have attended two full courses of instruction in this Institution, or one full course in this school, and one or more in another respectable medical school, shall be admitted to the subsequent courses of the College without further charge.
The Medical Faculty shall have authority to consider and decide upon cases of special application for admission to the lectures.
W. WlI^IvIAMSON, M. D., No. 80 North Eleventh Street, Philadelphia,
Dean of the Medical Faculty. Philadelphia, Jtme J2th, 1849.
lu 1852 the requirements for graduation in the University of Pennsylvania were: " Candidate must be twenty-one years old; have studied medicine three years and during two years of that time been the private pupil of a respectable practi- tioner of medicine; two full courses of lectures in that Insti- tution on the following subjects: Theory and Practice of Medicine, Anatomy, Materia Medica and Pharmacy, Chemis- try, Surgery, Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Chil- dren, Institutes of Medicine. Must have attended one course
44 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
of clinical instruction in the Pennsylvania Hospital or some other approved Institution. Also present a thesis."
The rules at the Jefferson were the same; and also at the Harvard Medical School. It will be seen that the new hom- oeopathic college was quite abreast of the other medical schools of the day.
The following report of the first session was published in the second Announcement:
Rkport of Session 1848-9.
There were fifteen gentlemen in attendance on the first course of Lectures, session 1848-9.
Six of the number who had previously attended courses of instruc- tion in other Medical Schools, received the Diploma of the College, at a Public Commencement held March 15th, 1849, viz.:
Joseph K. Ci^ark, of Massachusetts,
Henry F. Davis, of Ohio,
Nathan S. Engle, of New Jersey,
Daniel R. Gardiner, of Pennsylvania,
E. BenTly HaIvL, of New Jersey,
Samuel O. Scudder, of New York.
MSDICAIv COI.I.EGE OF P^NNSYI^VANIA. 45
CHAPTER IX.
1849-50.
The second session of the new college began under very much more favorable circumstances than the first one. The experiment had been tried and proven a success. It was not too soon for the members of the homoeopathic profession to have a college of their own faith. But one year had elapsed since the first lecture in the house on Arch street, and now the college had its home in a large, comfortable and properly equipped building, with every prospect of soon becoming self- sustaining.
There were some changes in the Faculty from the first ses- sion. Dr. Ward withdrew altogether; Dr. A. E. Small ac- cepted the Chair of Physiology and Pathology, Dr. Charles Neidhard that of Clinical Medicine. Dr. W. S. Helmuth was appointed to the Chair of Practice.
The introductory lecture of the course was delivered on the evening of October ist, 1849, by Dr. A. E. Small. It was afterwards issued in pamphlet form and also published in the Quarterly Horn. Journal oi Boston, Vol. I., p. 525. The lec- ture was an elucidation of the circumstances leading to the establishment of the college and the methods it pledged itself to pursue in medical teaching. The number of matriculants was fifty-five. They represented nearly all the Middle and Eastern States, and three were from Michigan, one from Vir- ginia, and one from England.
The course was a successful one and the second commence- ment occurred on March 2d, 1850, at the Musical Fund Hall. The degree was conferred upon twenty graduates. Twenty against six at the end of the first session. Dr. Kirby pub- lished an account of this in the American Joicrnal of Homce- opathy, saying: "The course of study in this college is far
46 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
more extended than any other in the country. Everything is taught as in allopathic colleges, so that the student may not be ignorant of the errors which are inculcated in medicine and surgery, and he is also made acquainted with the theory and practice of Homoeopathy."
The Southwestern Homoeopathic Journal and Review ^ of St. Louis, of April 15th, 1850, thus speaks of the new college: "The Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania has closed its second session. During the past session there were forty-five matriculates, twenty of whom were graduated at the public commencement, held on March 2d, 1850. We are distinct from the Old School in principle; we should be so in fact; all patronage ought to be drawn from it and bestowed upon our own schools. Without the vigilance and aid of the advocates of the new system the object cannot be accom- plished. To succeed in any enterprise harmony of action is necessary; let our efforts then be united and failure is impos- sible. The number of homoeopathic physicians in the United States is considerable, and daily on the increase; their influ- ence will doubtless be used in fostering schools of their own founding, whose scope and aim will be to disseminate true homoeopathic literature. It is not to be understood we favor a multiplicity of colleges, it is quite otherwise; the wants of the profession are known, its strength is also known; if di- vided, weakness of effort must follow and ultimately terminate in disaster. It is sufficient to say, in relation to the course of study, the same branches are taught in it as in the best allo- pathic colleges of America; of course, the chair of Theory and Practice is unlike the other, being in character with the peculiarity of nature of the system."
Further on in the same journal is another item copied from the Bosto7i Sentinel: " HomcEOPaThy: The second annual commencement of the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania was really a brilliant affair, notwithstanding the ipecacuanish looks of the allopathic fraternity. It was held at the Musical Fund Hall, and the large saloon was filled (of course) with the beauty and fashion of the city. The valedictory address was delivered, not in Latin, but in Anglo-Saxon; the same vulgar tongue being used in all the exercises. The degree of
MEDICAL COI^IvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 47
Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon twenty young stu- dents, who were duly authorized to pill and powder to an in- finitesimal extent. The matriculating class of this session numbered fifty-five."
By reference to the Report of Finances of June 7th, 1849, it may be seen that each corporator was expected to pay an an- nual assessment to the college of $2.00. It must have been that they were very slow, for at a corporators' meeting, held March 14th, 1850, it was voted that any corporator who failed to pay the assessment and the arrearages by the second Monday in April would not be allowed to vote for officers. That if any corporator refused to pay the annual assessment of $2.00 together with arrearages for three successive years it would be considered grounds for expulsion. A printed copy of these resolutions was sent to each member. It was as follows:
Phii,adei<phia, March I5tli, 1850.
At a semi-annual meeting of the corporators of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, held March 14th, 1850, the following resolutions were passed:
1st. Resolved^ That every corporator who shall refuse or neglect to pay the annual assessment of two dollars, with arrearages, to the treas- urer by the second Monday of April, shall not be allowed to vote for officers at the election.
2d. Resolved, That when a corporator refuses or neglects to pay the annual assessment of two dollars, together with arrearages, for three successive years, it shall be considered ground for expulsion.
3d. Resolved, That the above resolutions be signed by the President and Secretary, and a copy of them sent to each member of the College.
A. V. Parsons, Pr'esident.
Francis Sims, Secretary.
At this same meeting it was decided to have printed an edi- tion of 500 of the new constitution and by-laws adopted March 8th, 1849. A letter of resignation from Mr. John Sartain, the eminent engraver,, was also received; he gives as his only reason that he cannot possibly be present at the meetings.*
It may not be amiss to mention here that Dr. Storm Rosa lectured on Homoeopathy in the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati during the session of 1849-50. The Chair of Hom-
*Mr. Sartain died on October 25th, 1897, at the age of 89. He was the only remaining one of the first Trustees of the College.
48 HISTORY OF THE HOMOEOPATHIC
ceopathy, as it was called, continued but the one session. Some letters upon this subject may be found in the American Journal of Homoeopathy , vol. 4; N. W. Jl. Hom., vol. i, p. 260.
The chair was abolished at a meeting held August 22d, 1850.*
The third announcement appeared. There was no change made from the last session in the printed names of the Faculty; the name of J. R. Petherbridge was added as Demonstrator of Anatomy. In this pamphlet were the following intro- ductory remarks:
' ' When the idea of establishing a Homoeopathic Medical College in Philadelphia was first started, different sentiments were expressed as to the best mode of organizing such an institution.
' ' Some sought to found the College on an entirely new basis in accordance with the spirit of the great law to which it owed its origin; others wished the medical education to conform to the statutes and general mode of management of the existing medical institutions of the country. The cer- tainly answerable plea of the latter was, that these medical institutions had all succeeded, and that to follow a new track in medical education with relation to Homoeopathy before that new one could with any degree of certainty be shown of superior efficacy might lead to the failure of the whole under- taking.
" If by succeeding, the safe financial position of the allo- pathic colleges was meant, and the great concourse of students attracted to them, no objection could be made to the present institutions, which are fully answering these conditions; if we, however, regard the superior education of the physicians, the old method might undoubtedly admit of many changes with advantage.
"The physicians representing the other view, to which several members of the present college belong, were of opinion that the College should be established on the principle of per-
* Article on this by a Trustee in the American Jl. of Horn. (Kirby), vol. 5, pp. 87, 89.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 49
feet liberty with regard to the students. Every one was to be free to acquire his medical information wherever he pleased, either with the regular professors of this College or with others, or even by his own private studies, without being denied an examination before an independent board of ex- aminers elected by the College, and if found qualified a degree should not be denied him, even if he never had attended one course of lectures.
' ' That there are very strong arguments in favor of basing the College on these principles no one can deny, but the majority thought those in favor of the present plan much stronger. Besides the charter prescribed a certain course of studies from which the College was not at liberty to deviate. The advocates of Homoeopathy, anxious for the success of the College, were determined to commence at any rate. At some future period, if found expedient, such alterations and improvements might be introduced, as the force of public opinion as well as the more matured views of the professors would themselves demand.
' ' It was far from the intention of the College to produce a monopoly in teaching Homoeopathy. The area of the Col- lege was constantly to be kept open to new aspirants. Those, however, who took all the initiatory steps and pains in found- ing the institution would naturally wish that some regard should be paid to them.
" All the guarantee that the state and the public require is, that the graduates receiving their degrees from the College should be properly qualified. And it is yet to be proved that a board of examiners, consisting mostly of physicians engaged in the daily routine of practice and not cultivating a particular branch of medicine, would constitute a better board of ex- aminers than those who have devoted their lives to some particular branch. As to the greater independence and dis- interestedness of the former over the latter in granting the degree it will, after all, depend upon the honesty of the indi- vidual examiner; and the members constituting the board of examiners would be as likely to have their favorites as the Professors of the Homoeopathic School.
' ' In establishing the Homoeopathic College in its present 5
50 HISTORY OF THE HOMOSOPATHIC
form the framers of its constitution were also influenced by an important consideration, viz. : If students were educated by the Professors of the Old School, would they not at an age when the mind is so easily moulded naturally adopt views and opinions which would militate against the central homoeo- pathic truth, which was to be their guiding star through life ? For let us remember that the homoeopathic law of cure does not merely govern us in the practice of medicine or the Materia Medica, but is also capable of revolutionizing the practice of surgery and midwifery. Men, therefore, who are not fully imbued with the true spirit of Homoeopathy, are not the proper educators of the students of a Homoeopathic Col- lege of Medicine.
' ' That the education in the Homoeopathic College should be based on a Homoeopathic Hospital, as the practical school; there are now, we believe, no dissenting voices, and we are happy to announce that a charter for a hospital has already been obtained.
" It will be the aim of the College to base the instruction, to be received within its walls, upon a practical foundation. In the polyclinical institution, as well as the hospital, the student will become familiar with the nature of disease, its diagnosis, pathology and treatment, and above all with a knowledge of the proper homoeopathic examination of each particular case, on which the whole success of the practitioner will depend; at the same time these important branches will be minutely expounded by several professors. The importance of diag- nosis, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics and clinical medicine, has incited the College to establish four professor- ships for these branches alone, which in the Homoeopathic School are much more intimately connected with each other than in the Old. The devotion of so many teachers to ap- parently the same sciences will give the student an oppor- tunity to view the homoeopathic practice in a more diversi- fied aspect. The peculiar and often diverging views of the individual professors will be thus more brought to light, to the manifest advantage of the student. Still each lecturer will chiefly confine himself to "the main characteristic features of his department. In the lectures on the Institutes and
'^^x
MIJDICAI. COLIvEGE OF PENNSYI^VANIA. 5 1
Practice of Medicine a more full description of the whole history and symptomatology of diseases will be given than in those of clinical medicine, where diagnosis, the essential char- acteristics of the disease, the homoeopathic examination of the patient, will form prominent points of interest. In the former the pathological phenomena and the proper remedies according to their general indications will be more adverted to, whilst in the latter, plates containing delineations of the physiognomy of diseases will form a part of the course.
' ' In the lectures on the Materia Medica, besides the minute description of the different substances composing it, a com- plete pathogenesis of each remedy will be given, with its most decided specific action on the diseased organ. Wher- ever in cases of poisonings structural morbid changes have been produced by any remedy, they will be mentioned under the head of that remedial agent.
" Nor will the student be less deeply grounded in surgery and midwifery, which in their therapeutical part will be entirely reformed or at least greatly modified by the homoeo- pathic doctrine, so that one-half of all the surgical operations may be dispensed with. By means of a judicious treatment of woman's ailments before labor and by means of strength- ening her constitution, the act of parturition will become more and more natural, so that the mechanical and forcible means which have to be resorted to at the present may, in future, mostly be set aside. But the necessary mechanical proceedings in their most approved form will not be over- looked in the lectures on this subject.
" Even Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry, which at first sight would seem to have to be studied independently, are nevertheless revived by the all-pervading homoeopathic law. In the microscopical anatomy and physiology, we shall be able to trace the deeper law of Homoeopathy, and the cultiva- tion of chemistry will teach us the limits of dynamic action; and often the union of both chemical and physiological, on the same platform; for the so-called isomorphic bodies are very similar in their pathogeneses.
" With regard to Botany it will be a great deal more indis- pensable to the Homoeopathist than to the Old School physi-
52 HISTORY OF THE^ HOMCEOPATHIC
cian, for the constant accession of new plants will make it incumbent upon him to be intimately acquainted with this attractive science.
" In a word, whilst contemplating the homoeopathic law and its vast influence upon the other branches of medicine, the Synthesis of all sciences becomes more strikingly apparent."
This has been quoted in full because it so plainly shows the opinions that guided the new College just as it had fairly established itself. This was also published in full in the Homoeopathic Times, vol. 2, p. J20. (L,ondon, 1852.)
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 53
CHAPTER X.
1850-51.
The first report of a Faculty Meeting to be found in the College Records bears date of September 3d, 1850. It is unfortunate that the earlier meetings of the Faculty are not recorded, although a space is left in the book, doubtless for their transcription. There were present Drs. Matthews, Small, Williamson, Semple, Sims and Gardiner. The Dean was authorized to have an iron railing constructed around the arena of the anatomical lecture room.
Dr. W. A. Gardiner reported the following By-Laws for the government of the Faculty, and they were adopted:
Art. I. The officers of the Faculty shall consist of a President, Dean and Register, all of whom shall be elected annually by ballot on the stated meeting in September.
Art. II. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Faculty, and direct the following order of business:
Reading of Minutes. Unfinished Business. Reports of Committees. New Business.
A Chairman shall be chosen, pro tern., in the absence of the Presi- dent.
Art. III. The Dean shall be the executive officer of the Faculty; shall receive and report to the Faculty all correspondence and what- ever other business appertains to the interest of the College. Shall preserve all records and property of the Faculty and have supervision and control over the same. Shall receive all money belonging to the Faculty and yield a report of the receipts and expenditures on the first of January, April, July, and October of each year. Shall issue the matriculation ticket and have authority to call special meetings of the Faculty.
Art. IV. The Register shall keep a correct record of the proceedings of the Faculty in a book provided for the purpose and have the minute book at all the meetings of the Faculty.
Art. V. Stated meetings shall be held on the First Tuesday of each month.
54 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
Art. VI. A majority of the Faculty shall constitue a quorum for the transaction of business.
Art. VII. All bills or liabilities contracted by order of the Faculty shall be presented to the Dean for payment, who shall report the same at the next stated meeting.
Art. VIII. No matriculation ticket shall be issued by the Dean unless the required amount be paid at the time; he shall have authority, however, to place the name of any gentleman on the list of matricu- lants, the same not receiving a ticket.
Art. IX. These by-laws can be amended or rescinded at any stated meeting of the Faculty, provided one month's previous notice be given.
After the by-laws were adopted the following ofl&cers were chosen:
President, William S. Helmuth; Dean, Walter William- son; Register, William A. Gardiner.
Drs. Williamson, Sims and Gardiner were appointed a com- mittee to draft a history of the College and an abstract of the proceedings of the Faculty, to be placed on record in the minute book.*
At the next two meetings of the Faculty this committee on history reported progress; at the meeting on October 29th, 1850, the committee presented their report, which was adopted, and " the Register was instructed to transcribe it into the minute book." Unfortunately this transcription was never made. Or if made the record has been lost; it is not among the papers.
At a meeting held October ist, 1850, it was decided that any clergyman applying to the Dean and paying matricula- tion fee should receive a general ticket of admission to the entire course of lectures; this ticket did not entitle the bearer to become a candidate for the diploma of the college. The first account of a minister applying under this rule is found in the records of December 20th, 1858. Rev. Charles W. Tor- rey, of Cleveland, Ohio, applied, and if desiring to graduate was to be allowed the tickets of the course on payment of the fees. In 1862 the Rev. Francis C. Hoffmann, prospective mis- sionary to India, was admitted to the course gratuitously. In October, 1863, the Rev. J. H. Beckwith, also a missionary
* This refers presumably to the record of the meetings before this one of September 3d. They never were recorded.
MEDICAI, COLIvEGK OF PENNSYLVANIA, 55
preacher, was allowed to enter on paying the matriculation fee.
At a meeting on October ist, 1850, the Faculty decided that $12.00 be the price for attendance at each of the professor's lectures, when the ticket or tickets are taken apart from a free course. An amateur desiring to attend a course on any one branch was not required to matriculate.
During the course of 1850-51 the lecture room was given to the students on Sunday evening for religious purposes. In the early days of the College the Faculty met at the houses of the different Professors.
During this year of 1850 the subscribers to the support of the college were rather slow in payment; thus in the report of the Finance Committee of October 7th, 1850, we read: "There are still nearly half of the dues for 1849 from sub- scribers due and unpaid, the books for the collection of which have been placed in the hands of the janitor under the super- intendence of the Dean. The dues for 1850 have not yet been authorized to be collected." The Dean reported a bal- ance in his hands of $242.06.
The second announcement advertises that lectures com- mence the first Monday in October, but on the fourth, and subsequent years they commenced on the second Monday in October.
The third session, 1850-51, opened on the evening of Mon- day, November 4th, 1850; the introductory lecture was de- livered by Professor Caleb Bentley Matthews. The number of matriculants had increased to seventy. We now find that the Faculty had some surplus money to divide. In the minutes of October ist, 1850, Drs. Williamson, Matthews and Gardi- ner were appointed a committee to devise a plan for the dis- bursement of the surplus funds of the College among the professors. After postponement of this report for two meet- ings it was withdrawn at the third, and the following amend- ment was adopted, the whole report being as follows:
1. That sufficient money be retained by the Dean to pay the current expenses of the College.
2. That on the first of December and April whatever money remains in the treasury, after deducting a sufficient sum to
56 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
meet the expenses of the College, shall be divided amongst the professors according to the following rate, each professor to defray the incidental expenses of his chair. Every one hundred dollars to be apportioned as follows:
Dr. C. B. Matthews to receive $ii oo
W. S. Helmuth S. Freedley C. Neidhard W. Williamson A. E. Small M. Semple F. Sims W. A. Gardiner
I I CO 7 GO 7 GO
II GO
II oo
14 GO
13 00
15 GO
On December 17th, 1850, notice was received from the Board of Managers that $2ggg.gg had been appropriated to the professors which was divided as follows: C. B. Matthews, $22G.gg; W. S. Helmuth, $220.00; S. Freedley, $140.00; C. Neidhard, $140.00; W. Williamson, $220.00; A. E. Small, $220. go; M. Semple, $280.00; F. Sims, $260.00; W. A. Gardiner, $300.00. On April 10, 185 1, another $1000.00 was divided.
The professors were modest in those early days; in Feb- ruary the class asked the members of the Faculty to each have a lithograph likeness taken. This request was declined. On February nth, 1851, the Dean was instructed to procure a Latin seal for the use of the College.
The commencement of the third session was held in the Musical Fund Hall on March 3d, 1851. Dr. Walter William- son delivered the valedictory address, and twenty-nine were graduated.
Soon after this came the first death in the College Brother- hood, Dr. C. B. Matthews, who died of phthisis pul. on May 27th, 1 85 1. On the 29th of May the Faculty held a meeting at which resolutions of respect were passed, and Prof. Semple was appointed to write and deliver a eulogy on his life and character. The proceedings of this meeting, with the resolu- tions, were published in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin and the Inquirer. Dr. Small was appointed to write an obituary notice for publication in the homoeopathic journals.
MEDICAI. COLI.EGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 57
At a special meeting of the Faculty on May lytli, 1851, the Dean, Dr. Walter Williamson, resigned and Dr. William A. Gardiner was chosen in his place.
At a meeting on August 5th, 1 851, Dr. J. G. Loomis was appointed Register. In July a special meeting of the Board of Managers was called and Dr. Walter Williamson was elected in place of Dr. Matthews.
At a Faculty meeting held July 2d, 1851, it was reported that the course of lectures had been noticed in the Carlisle (Pa.) papers, and it was decided to continue this advertise- ment for six months longer. Also to advertise in the North American Journal of Honiceopathy and in the North Western Journal of Hom(Ā£opathy , and in such other papers and jour- nals as the Dean might think proper. On November 4th it was decided to have an advertisement inserted in ' ' Philadel- phia as It Is," and that the expenses be settled by the Dean.
The introductory lecture of the fourth session was delivered on Monday, October i6th, 1 851, by Dr. William A. Gardiner. The matriculants numbered ninety-three. The Faculty was the same as during the previous session, excepting that Dr. Williamson took Dr. Matthews' chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and Dr. Joseph G. Loomis took Dr. William- son's former chair of Obstetrics, and Diseases of Women and Children. Dr. Matthews' name appears in the announcement for 1851-52, but a sHp was afterwards inserted giving the changes as above.
At a Faculty meeting held November 11, 185 1, a communi- cation was received from the Board of Managers requesting that a committee be appointed to confer with the committee on buildings in reference to leasing the College building for another year, or for a term of years, and Drs. Semple and Williamson were appointed. At a meeting on January 6th, 1852, the committee on building was instructed to offer $1000.00 per annum rent for five years, for the use of the building, provided it be put in good repair, and to intimate that if these terms were not accepted a suitable building would be sought elsewhere. At the next meeting held on January 13th, 1852, it was decided that Mr. Waterman be instructed to negotiate with Mr. Newkirk, who was the Presi-
58 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
dent of the old Philadelphia College, and who owned the Filbert street building, for the building at as good a rate as possible, the sum agreed upon to be the same from year to year, certain repairs to be demanded. And at a meeting February 3d, 1852, this committee reported that they had secured a lease for one year for $1100.00.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 59
CHAPTER XI.
1851-53-
At a Faculty meeting held December gth, 1851, a commit- tee of two, consisting of A. E. Small and M. Semple, was ap- pointed to report upon the propriety of publishing a medical journal in Philadelphia. At the meeeting of December 23d, this committee reported as follows:
1st. That a journal of Homoeoopathic Medicine is much needed in Philadelphia.
2d. That it is expedient that a journal be published in Philadelphia which shall fairly represent the Homoeopathic College.
3d. It is ascertained that a journal can be published if the College will appoint two out of the four editors who will take charge of as many departments in the journal, German, French, English and American, and provided the College will take fifty copies or subscribe |ioo for the support of the journal the first year.
The College to have the privilege of advertising and inserting notices concerning the College.
Said journal to be published monthly and each number to contain 48 pages, 80 independently of the cover or advertising sheet and to be published at $3 per annum.
On January 6th, 1852, Drs. Kitchen and Helmuth were appointed, by the College, editors of the new journal, but there is no record that they so acted.
The matter was pushed and in April, 1852, the first number of the new journal was issued. It was called " The Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy,'" was an 80 of 48 pages and monthly. The editor-in-chief was William A. Gardiner and he was assisted by eleven contributors. It was printed by Sherman & Co. At this time there were already eight journals in the United States devoted to the interests of Homoeopathy.
The fourth commencement was held at Musical Fund Hall on Monday, March ist, 1852. The valedictory was delivered
6o HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
by Prof. A. E. Small and the number of graduates was thirty- one.
At a Corporator's meeting, held March nth, 1852, it was decided to somewhat modify Articles ist, 2d, 8th, 9th of the Constitution.
I St. That the Board of Managers shall consist of but six members who are to be elected annually. That the president of the College with the six managers shall constitute a Board of Managers, four of whom shall constitute a quorum.
Art, 8. It shall not require eighteen Corporators to make a quorum but any number of them, duly notified and attend- ing a meeting, shall be able to transact business.
But one meeting of the Corporators was to be held yearly, on the second Monday in April, for the election, reports of Board of Managers and other business.
In the Philadelphia Directory for 1852 may be found a full page cut of the College Building. The authorities of the College were for extensive advertising in those early days, as indeed they still are.
This picture is the same as appeared on the announcements of that period.
At a meeting held May nth, 1852, the Faculty decided to meet a committee from the Board of Managers to take into consideration the present condition and future wants of the College. Some changes were imminent. It was the wish of many that a homoeopathic hospital be now established, as the one thing in which the Institution did not compare favorably was in clinical teaching; and it seemed very essential that the students should be enabled to study the effect of Homoe- opathy at the hospital-bedside.
An account of the establishment of the hospital may be found in Section II.
About this time there were certain changes in the Faculty.
In the spring of 1852 Dr. W. S. Helmuth resigned from the chair of Institutes, Pathology and Practice which he had held since the opening of the second session. But he was needed, and the Board of Managers wrote him a letter asking him to reconsider his resignation, which he did. Soon after,
MEDIC AI. COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 6 1
Dr. Freedley resigned from the chair of Botany, saying that he thought it would be for the interest of the College.
Dr. W. Ashton Reed took the place of Dr. Petherbridge as Demonstrator of Anatomy. Quoting from the announcement for 1852-53: "Since the close of last session the Board of Managers have made several alterations in the course of in- struction. Owing to the establishment of a hospital the chair of Clinical Medicine so ably and satisfactorily filled b}^ Dr. C. Neidhard has been dispensed with in the College; it being the intention of the Board of Managers of the Hospital to afford facilities for clinical instruction in that Institution. The chair of Botany and Medical Jurisprudence which has been creditably filled by Dr. S. Freedley has likewise been disposed of, by connecting the latter branch with that of Physiology, while that of Pathology has been added to the Chair of Practice. It being thought impracticable to teach Botany during the winter season ā Dr. Freedley resigned from this Chair ā thus reducing the number of Chairs to seven,"
During the summer of 1852 a building had been leased on Chestnut St., near the bridge, and opened as a homoeopathic hospital. On the back of the announcement for 1852-53 there is a picture of this building.
Dr. Kirby in his journal says of the new Institution: " We must admit that the Faculty and the friends of the College have achieved in an unusually short time, more, much more, than we had anticipated at the commencement of the enter- prise. Notwithstanding the prosperity of the Homoeopathic Medical College there are yet, as usual, croakers even among homoeopathists, but their voice is weak and grows weaker every year, and finally will not be heard at all. It is surpris- ing how few among physicians in this age of light understand the principle and practice of toleration. If it were thoroughly studied and habitually practiced it would save us a world of trouble; but there are minds so warped and crisped that no scheme, no enterprise, however commendable, can prevent them from snapping and snarling, growling and grumbling because everybody don't see with their eyes and fall in with their intolerant spirit and impracticable plans.
' ' In this country we are in the habit of forming a favor-
62 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
able opinion of that which is successful in practice. If we judge the College under notice by this rule, then we must conclude that it is managed with skill, and its faculty must be worthy of the confidence of physicians, students and the public.
' ' In looking over the names of the professors we perceive that we have the honor of a personal acquaintance with all of them with but a single exception, and we are happy in knowing that they are all sound in the faith, and imbued with the spirits of \h& Doctrines of Ho?nceopathy, as taught by Hahnemann.* There is not a mongrel nor an Eclectic among them, and for this reason alone we should think that every true homoeopathist would use his influence in favor of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. It is to our mind worthy of notice that the management of this College composed, we believe, altogether of laymen, should have formed a faculty of seven professors so harmonious in their views of Homoeopathy and so fraternal in their feelings to each other. They are men of great industry, of pure morals, and of talents of the right stamp for the present age, being more practical than ornamental."
Dr. Kirby paid a visit to the College during the session of 1854-55 s'^d mentions the lectures with much praise. f
The October number of the Philadelphia Journal of Hom- oeopathy iox 1852 contains an editorial upon the success and policy of the new College.
At a meeting held August 31st, 1852, the Faculty decided to ask the Board of Managers for the sum of $84.00 from the fee of each and every student when paid in advance to be re- tained in the hands of the Faculty and divided as they should agree among themselves. At a meeting on September 7th it was reported that this request was granted.
It was decided to divide the funds as follows: Each mem- ber of the Faculty was to receive for his individual ticket $12.00. The Faculty was to be divided into three divisions and the members of each division were to exchange payments
*Am. Jl. Horn., vol. 7, p. 49.
t Am. Jl. Horn., vol. 8, p. 154; Phila. J. Horn., vol. i, p. 329.
MKDICAL COIvLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 63
with each other until the schema reads as follows: " Of the funds to be divided the Faculty are to receive of every $84.00 as follows: Dr. Helmuth to receive $11.00; Dr. Sims, $13.00; Dr. Williamson, $11.00; Dr. Semple, $13.00; Dr. Small, $11.00; Dr. Gardiner, $14.00; Dr. lyoomis, $11.00.
On the 5th of October, just as the session was commencing, it was decided to give Mr. B. B. Gumpert the sum of $50.00 for acting as assistant to the professor of chemistry in the forthcoming session.
Dr. William S. Helmuth gave the introductory to the fifth session on the evening of Monday, October nth, 1852. There were 103 matriculants. The term opened under very favor- able circumstances; the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania was no longer an experiment; it had come to stay. The Old School no longer had the power to cripple Homoeopathy by the prevention of the graduation of homoeopathic students. And all this had been accomplished in the short space of five years. The Commencement for 1853 was held at the Musical Fund Hall, on Tuesday, March ist, the valedictory being de- livered by Prof. Semple. There were fifty-six graduates.
At a faculty meeting on January 25th, 1853, it was decided that the candidates for graduation be divided into seven classes, each class to go before some one of the members of the Faculty every evening at eight, and so continue until the examinations were completed. This custom was continued until the close of the College, in 1869. The writer of this so passed his examination in 1869.
At the end of the session, on April 5th, 1853, Dr. W. S. Helmuth resigned, stating that it was on account of ill health and intended absence from the city. In his letter he says: ' ' I have always entertained and trust will ever experience a deep interest in the prosperity of the College. The honor of having held the position of a teacher in the Institution will be among the proudest circumstances of my life. ' '
On April 17th, 1853, Dr. Sims also resigned from the Chair of Surgery.
Dr. Frederick Humphreys, of Utica, N. Y., was chosen to fill the Chair of Institutes, Pathology and Practice of Medi-
64 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
cine, and Dr. Jacob Beaklej^ of New York, was elected Pro- fessor of Surgery.
At a stated meeting of the Board of Managers of the Homoeopathic College, held on May 5th, 1853, the resigna- tion of Dr. Helmuth from the Chair of Pathology and Prac- tice of Medicine, in the College, was received and read. Whereupon it was resolved:
" That the Board of Managers have received with deep re- gret the resignation of Dr. W. S. Helmuth, and are only inclined to receive it from the statements made in his com- munication, of his ill health, and intention of leaving the city, and that, therefore, the same be accepted, the Board tender- ing to Dr. Helmuth their thanks for the distinguished ability with which he has filled the chair to which he was elected by this Board.
' ' Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to furnish Dr. Helmuth a copy of these proceedings. ' '
The rent of the College was a matter that was somewhat troublous in those days. On April 28th, 1853, the Committee on Building reported that Mr. Newkirk would give a lease for three years at the following terms: $1200 for the first year; ^1300 for the second year; $1400 for the third year. The committee were then instructed to offer him $3600 for the three years.
It was not long after the College was opened before our fellows of the homoeopathic faith from over the water began to look towards the new Institution with thoughts of a diploma. Thus, on October 28th, 1851, the Dean read a letter from Dr. Dudgeon, of Edinburgh, in relation to granting a diploma to Mr. Alfred Crosby Pope, who had been refused a degree of M. D. by the Edinburgh Medical College, although he had passed a satisfactory examination, for the reason that he re- fused to promise that he would practice upon the principles of the Old School. The matter after some discussion was post- poned. On the meeting of November 4th it was decided to hear the case of Mr. Pope, and the Secretary was authorized to correspond with Dr. Dudgeon in relation to the case. On February 1.7th, 1852, the name of Alfred C. Pope was recom-
MEDICAL COLLKGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 65
mended to the President to receive the Special Degree of the College.*
On January 25th, 1853, it was resolved that James D. Blake, of England, be recommended to the President for the Special Degree of the College.
At the next meeting, February ist, 1853, a communica- tion was received from Mr. C. Fischer, of London, requesting the Faculty to grant him the diploma of the College. The Dean was requested to inform Mr. Fischer that on conform- ing to the rules of the College this would be granted.
On February 17th, 1853, the name of James John Garth Wilkinson was recommended for a Special Degree.
The sixth session of the College opened on October 12th, 1853, the Introductory being by Prof. William A. Gardiner. There were ninety-one matriculants. Hardly had the course commenced when the Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr. Joseph G. lyOomis, died. He had been connected with the College but two years. He had deliv- ered no lecture during the session, and died at his home, in Syracuse, N. Y., on October 25th, 1853. Dr. Isaac M. Ward took his place. At a meeting of the Faculty, held November ist, 1853, resolutions of respect were adopted. On January 12th, 1854, Or. A. E. Small delivered before the class an eulogium on his life and character, that was afterwards pub- lished in the Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopat/iy , the Pe?i7is- ylvania Inquirer and the Syracuse Evening Chronicle. Dr. lyoomis was greatly esteemed by the classes and by his pro- fessional brethren. He became a convert from the Allopathic school.
The commencement of this term was held as usual at the Musical Fund Hall, on Wednesday, March ist, 1854. Prof. Jacob Beakley was the valedictorian. There were thirtj^-nine graduates.
*See also Trans. World's Horn. Convention, Vol. 2.
66 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
CHAPTER XII.
1853-55-
From the earliest years of the College, there are records of certain students, who, recommended as worthy by some physician, were classed as "beneficiaries" of the College, and for whom the fees were greatly reduced.
In the 7th announcement, 1853-54, appears the following: ' ' In order to afford facilities to students who are unable to pay the full amount of fees for a full course of lectures, five bene- ficiary students will be received and entitled to a full course of lectures by paying fifty dollars each. The application to be made to the Faculty previous to the first of September in each year, and to be endorsed by at least two., reputable Homoeopathic physicians, testifying to the good moral character and worthiness of the candidate for such favor, and his inability to pay." The records show that this privilege was largely used.
But at a Faculty meeting held March 23d, 1858; it was voted that in the forthcoming announcements the provision for beneficiaries be stricken out. This notice regarding bene- ficiaries only appears in the 7th, 8th, 9th and loth Announce- ments. The beneficiary system was, however, quietly con- tinued for some years.
The seventh session commenced on October 9th, 1854, the introductory was delivered by Jacob Beakley. There were ninety-one matriculants. The Faculty remained the same. The curriculum of instruction as published in the announce- ment was as follows:
1. Anatomy (Descriptive).
2. Histology.
3. Surgical Anatomy.
4. Comparative Anatomy.
5. Physiology or Biology.
6. Medical Jurisprudence.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 67
7. Pathological Anatomy.
8. Surgery.
9. Chemistry and Toxicology.
10. Organic Chemistry (Vegetable and Animal),
11. Materia Medica.
12. Medical Botany.
13. Hygiene.
14. Therapeutics.
15. Semeology.
16. General and Special Therapeutics.
17. Institutes of Homoeopathy.
18. Practice of Medicine.
19. Obstetrics.
20. Diseases of Women and Children.
21. Embryology, etc.
It was not long after the opening of the session that a Faculty meeting was called to investigate reports against Dr. Humphreys implicating him in the manufacture and sale of " New Era Medicines." A committee was appointed and in a few days presented a report in writing to the Board of Managers. It was claimed that Dr. Humphreys had ' ' in- vented and put forth a medicine under the term, Blessings for the Multitude, for diarrhoea, summer complaint, dysentery, cholera infantum. Price, twenty-five cents per box; that around the box were printed directions in the usual form in which nostrums were sold." There was also testimony from certain persons and students regarding the matter. Dr. Humphreys was asked to deny his agency in the sale of the New Era Medicines, or otherwise to make such an explana- tion as might effectually quiet the excitement upon the sub- ject and enable his colleagues to defend both him and them- selves against the seeming imputation that one of their number was the aider and abettor in the manufacture and sale of quack nostrums.*
Dr. Humphreys said, in reply, that he had never authorized the use of his name in connection with the New Era Medicines; that he had never derived any profit from them; that about two years before his connection with the college he was in the habit of prescribing a certain remedy for diar-
*See Quarterly Hom. Magazine, Cleveland, October, 1854.
68 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
rhoeas, summer complaints, cholera infantum, etc., and found it so effectual that he was induced to have the remedy put up in the form of globules little larger than a good sized shot , in boxes with printed labels and directions. He stated that he did not regard this as a departure from legitimate homoeo- pathic practice; but it had occurred before he left Utica and had discontinued before he became a professor in the College. That after his first course he had given to a friend a prescrip- tion for the preparation of twelve kinds of pills, but his name had not been connected with the enterprise. The Faculty who had listened to his explanation, stated that it was not their object to prefer charges or meddle with his individual pro- ceedings, only so far as the interests of the College were con- cerned; that they had no wish to abridge his rights as a man and physician, or to question the propriety of his acts, only so far as they infringed upon the rights of the other members of the Faculty, and the interests of the college. This committee then stated the facts and summed up by saying that they were aggrieved, and that these things would inevitably give rise to evil reports capable of indefinite exaggeration, creat- ing distrust and discontentment in the minds of the students and a deep feeling of regret on the part of those interested in the college. This was signed by the Faculty. On the 25th of November, Dr. Humphreys sent his resignation to Judge Parsons, the President of the College.
Dr. Humphreys always maintained that his Specifics greatly aided the spread of Homoeopathy.
It is probable that Dr. Small took the place of Dr. Humph- reys as a lecturer on Institutes and Practice, as we find in the report of the Faculty meeting held in December, 1854, that the Dean announced the chair of Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence temporarily abolished. This was Dr. Small's chair. This occurred at the same meeting in which Dr. Humphreys' resignation was received, to take effect imme- diately, so that he did not lecture after November, 1854. In 1854 Dr. Small was the Registrar of the Faculty.
Drs. Small and Beakley examined the students in February of this session on Materia Medica, on account of the illness of Dr. Williamson.
MEDICAL COI.I.KGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 69
The commencement was held March ist, 1855, at Musical Fund Hall, the valedictory being delivered by William A. Gardiner. There were forty-one graduates.
After the session was over Dr. Williamson resigned from the chair of Materia Medica, which he had held for three sessions.
It is diflScult to say what the College would have done in several of its emergencies had it not been for Dr. Williamson. He was transferred from one chair to another in order to fill vacancies, always working willingly for the good of the Institution, always ready to work wherever he was most needed.
It was in 1854 that an attempt was made on the part of some physicians in Philadelphia to open an ' ' Independent Medical School." A circular was issued, but we believe no lectures were given. Dr. Hering, however, gave lectures on the method of studying the Materia Medica on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 8:30 a. m. at his house 74 North 12th street. Dr. Ad. I^ippe also lectured three times a week. Drs. Hering and Lippe published the Homceopathic News, which was continued for nine numbers. The lectures and new school were advertised in this paper.
In the spring of 1855 the College building that had been rented from Mr. Newkirk for from $800.00 to $1100.00 yearly, was bought by the Board of Managers.
In an editorial in the Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy for August, 1855, it is stated that: "to insure the permanency of the Institution, the college building on Filbert street above Eleventh has been purchased by the college corporation to- gether with two dwellings adjoining, which will ultimately furnish ample means for sustaining a clinical department. ' '
Part of the purchase money was paid down and part remained on mortgage.
The College gave Dr. Matthew Semple a note for $4000.00 for ninety days, but was unable to pay it at the time, and it was renewed again and again and various arrangements were made. It was not paid till 1858.
A second mortgage of $5000.00 was given to Mr. S. Brolo- sky, which became due May 5th, 1856.
70 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
111 order to raise money, certificates of stock on the College were issued called " scrip." At a corporator's meeting held June 1 6, 1855, the following resolution was passed:
" Resolved, That for the purpose of meeting the various payments as they become due and payable for the purchase of the College building in Filbert street, above Eleventh, it is expedient to issue scrip or an adequate agreement or obligation to pay in the sums of not less than fifty dollars, each bearing an interest of six per cent, and payable semi- annually and redeemable at any time within five years.
' ' Resolved^ That the Board of Managers be authorized to issue such scrip or promise to pay in such form and manner as they shall by reso- lution think best, to be signed by the President and countersigned by their Secretary, with the seal of the corporation affixed thereto.
' ' Resolved, That the Board of Managers be also requested to keep a fair record of the scrip as it shall be issued, and annually report to the corporators the various sums they shall issue under these resolutions.
' ' Resolved, That the corporators approve and ratify the purchase of the College building on Filbert street by the Board of Managers, and the manner and form they have stipulated and provided for payment of the same."
At a Faculty meeting held August 14th, 1855, it was resolved, on motion of Dr. Semple: " That the sum of twelve hundred dollars and the income of the house back of the Col- lege building, and also the fees of five beneficiary students be appropriated for the payment of interest, expenses, and taxes on buildings and the redemption of scrip."
At a Faculty meeting held June i6th, 1855, it was voted that each one of the professors agree to dispose of $500.00 worth of ' ' scrip. ' '
MEDICAIv COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 7 1
CHAPTER XIII.
1855-56.
The following is a copy of the certificate of stock issued by the College:
The HoMceoPATHic Medicai. Coli,kge OS' Pennsyi^vania.
(Picture of College Building.)
No. 47. |ioo.oo.
This is to certify that is entitled to one share of the value
of One Hundred Dollars of the Scrip and indebtedness of the HomcEO- paThic Medicai< C01.1.EGE OE Pennsyi^vania, payable in five years, with interest payable semi-annually, on the first days of January and July in each year, from the first day of May, 1856, with the right of redeeming the same at any time before the said day of payment. The scrip trans- ferable in person or by power of attorney on the surrender of this Cer- tificate.
Witness the seal of said corporation attested by the signature of the President and Secretary of the Board of Managers at Philadelphia this first day of May, A. D. 1856.
A. V. Parsons, President.
W. G. E. Agnew, Secretary.
The stamp or seal of the corporation is visible on this, the head of Hahnemann only showing.
In the announcement for 1855-6, it is stated: "Since the close of the last session the Board of Managers and the Faculty of the College have been untiring in their efforts to secure the permanency and progress of the Institu- tion. They have purchased the College edifice in Filbert street above Eleventh, where the lectures in the various departments have been given for the past six years, and in addition they have purchased two commodious dwellings adjoining for the purpose of opening as soon as practicable a department of clinical instruction in connection with the Col- lege. Measures are also being taken to refit the building so as to render it in all respects suitable for the purposes of the College.
72 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
On October 31, 1855, the Secretary reported that he had disposed of scrip to the value of $3600.00,
In 1855 the College pursued a liberal course in the way of advertising. In a Faculty meeting, it was "voted that the Dean be requested or instructed to advertise the ensuing course of lectures in the college in the following papers:" Boston Medical and Surgical Journal ; Maine Farmer; Eastern Argus; The Statesman, in New Hampshire; in Ver- mont, Sentinel, at Burlington, The Patriot, at Montpelier; in Connecticut, at Hartford, The Courant, Palladium, Chronicle; in Massachusetts, Boston Weekly Advertiser, American Citi- zen, Springfield Republican; Rhode Island, The Post; New York, Syracuse Standard, Utica Herald, Rochester Democrat, Buffalo Democrat, I^ockport Courier; in New Jersey, Newark Sentinel; Pennsylvania, Pittsburg Gazette, New Church Herald, Philadelphia; New Church Messenger, New York; Harrisburg Telegraph; Delaware Evening Post, Delaware State Journal; Ohio, Columbian Herald, Cincinnati Gazette; Iowa, Iowa State Journal; Illinois Tribune; Michigan ā one paper; Louisville (Ky.) Journal; The Intelligencer of Mis- souri; The Courier, at Savannah, Ga.; Montgomery Mail, Ala.; The Mercury of South Carolina; and a paper in Mem- phis, Tenn., and one in Hagerstown, Md." At a meeting on August 14, 1855, it was decided to advertise the lectures of the College in Hanover, N. H.
For four years the College Journal, the Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy, had been published monthly, but it was not a paying experiment and at a meeting held on January 1 1 , 1856, a committee, consisting of Drs. Small, Gardiner and Dake, as appointed to draw up a statement concerning it. At this meeting Drs. Gardiner, Dake and Reed were made a committee to make inquiries concerning expenses and practi- cability of publishing a homoeopathic journal. The last number issued of the Philadelphia Journal was dated Feb- ruary, 1856. The editorial in the last number, written by one of the editors. Dr. John F. Geary, gave the reasons for its abandonment.
There were some changes made in the Faculty during this interregnum of college life. Dr. Williams.on resigned his
MEDICAL COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYI^VANIA. 73
chair on account of ill health, and Dr. J. P. Dake, of Pitts- burg, was elected to fill his place. Dr. Williamson was made Emeritus Professor of Clinical Medicine. The chair of Physiology and Jurisprudence, which had been temporarily abolished at the time Dr. Humphreys resigned, was re- sumed and Dr. William Ashton Reed was elected to fill it. Dr. A. K. Small continued as Professor of Homoeopathic Institutes and Practice, as he had done during the last term (he took Dr. Humphreys' place). Dr. Asa S. Couch was appointed demon- strator of Anatomy.
The introductory lecture was delivered on Monday, October 10, 1855, t>y the new professor from over the Alleghenies, Dr. Jabez P. Dake. The number of matriculants was 102.
At the beginning of this session each professor delivered an introductory lecture in the evening of the opening week.
At a meeting held November 15, 1855, it was decided to hold no lectures on Wednesday and Saturday mornings, in order that the students might be enabled to attend clinics at the hospital. During this session the Faculty meetings were sometimes held at the College building and sometimes at the houses of the members of the Faculty.
In December, 1855, Dr. Gardiner resigned from the office of Dean and Dr. Walter Williamson was elected to take his place.
In the Faculty record for February 12, 1856, we find it noted that the Dean be requested to collect the theses of the Alumni of the Institution and have them bound in volumes. It may here be stated that this plan was followed until the practice of writing theses was abolished, and these theses are now preserved in bound volumes in the College library, form- ing an immense array of graduate wisdom. This system of theses was abolished with the session 1884-85. None have since been required.
The Commencement was held on Saturday, March, 1856, as usual, at the Musical Fund Hall. The Valedictory was de- livered by Prof. Isaac M. Ward. The number of the graduat- ing class was 37. Honorary degrees were conferred on Drs. Jacob Jeanes, James Kitchen, and N. H. Warner, of Buffalo, N. Y.
74 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
During the summer there were several changes in the Facult5\ On July 3d Dr. Gardiner, who had been Professor of Anatomy since the opening of the Institution, sent two letters to the Board of Managers. In the one he presented a collection of diseased bones and pathological contributions to the College Museum, saying that they were in the museum and marked with his name. The other letter was a resigna- tion as Professor of Anatomy.
Dr. Gardiner's resignation was announced at a Faculty meeting held on July 8th, and the names of several candi- dates were mentioned for the chair of Anatomy.
At this same meeting the Dean announced that the Smith- sonian Institution at Washington had offered to give the Col- lege certain apparatus provided the College would send a history of its organization.
On July 17th, the name of William Tod Helmuth was unanimously recommended to the Board of Managers to fill the vacant chair of Anatomy. The announcement for 1856- 57 had been printed before Dr. Gardiner resigned and his name appears on the list as professor of Anatomy, but a printed slip was inserted in this catalogue stating: "The chair of Anatomy having been recently vacated by the resig- nation of Dr. William A. Gardiner (who has so satisfactorily and successfully filled that important post since the founda- tion of the College), the Board of Managers, at a meeting held July 17th, 1856, unanimously elected Dr. William Tod Helmuth, of this City, Professor of Anatomy."
At the meeting of September 12th, 1856, the resignation of Dr. Small from the chair of Institutes, Pathology and Prac- tice was received, and it was decided that until a professor could be elected Dr. Williamson fill the place temporarily.
The introductory lecture was given on October 13th.
At a Faculty meeting on October 15th, 1856, the finances of the College were discussed and subscriptions towards the scrip were determined upon by individual members of the Faculty. On November nth it was resolved that the scrip be issued by the College to each professor for the amount of property in the museum purchased and paid for by the earn- ings of the College.
MEDICAL COIvIvEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 75
And on November 17th Drs. Temple and Beakley were instructed to attend a sale of $500 worth of the College scrip, and to bid for it up to $150. At the next meeting, November 25th, the committee reported the purchase of the stock.
Even in these earlier days of the College, apparatus was provided for the use of the chemical and anatomical work. On October 28th, 1856, it was voted to provide such apparatus for the Chemical I^aboratory as the Professor of Chemistry might suggest.
The College was in debt to several persons at this period. There is a record of Dr. Gardiner borrowing for the use of the College of Mr. Chas. C. Cresson $700, and again $250. In January the widow of Prof. IvOomis applied, through her lawyer, for payment of a note held against the Institution and due the August previous. And Dr. Walter Williamson was ever ready to aid the College financially, as he quietly did a number of times.
On January 31st, 1857, Dr. J. P. Dake, who had been for two years professor of Materia Medica, resigned on account of ill health and the necessities of a practice in Pittsburg that he could no longer neglect.
This resignation was received by the Faculty on February loth, 1857, 3^ii<i the same evening Dr. C. J. Hempel was elected to take his place^
At this same meeting Dr. Williamson, who had been patiently serving in the chair of Practice where he had been temporarily placed at the beginning of the session, resigned, saying that he would cheerfully perform the duties of the chair until the end of the session and until his successor was appointed. The next week Dr. Williamson was elected Dean and Dr. Wm. Tod Helmuth Register.
The financial condition of the College was not in the best condition. A short time previous Mr. Brolasky's note had been renewed, and during the spring of 1857 there was some correspondence between the Board of Managers and Dr. Sem- ple regarding his loan to the institution, as yet unpaid. The shares of scrip were being offered for sale and met purchasers among the friends of the College, but the interest on them
76 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
was quite an item. In February, 1857, the secretary reported having paid interest on stock amounting to $6,129.25.
On February 19, 1857, it was resolved at a meeting of the Faculty that an entertainment be given to the students of the College on Thursday, February 26th (the day previous to commencement), and that it be at the Girard House at 4:30 o'clock p. M. Drs. Williamson and Beakley were appointed the committee for said dinner to extend invitations not to exceed 100.
This is the first banquet of which any mention is made in the record of the Faculty.
At this same eventful Faculty meeting of February 19th, when the banquet was decided upon and the graduation of students balloted for, Dr. John Redman Coxe, Jr., was nomi- nated to fill the vacant chair of Practice.
At the opening of the last session there had been several evening lectures by the different professors, but at a meeting on February 27, 1857, it was resolved that each professor at the coming session deliver a lecture as introductory to his course.
At this same meeting it was decided to print 3,500 of the announcements for the coming session and to have them pub- lished before the meeting of the American Institute of Hom- oeopathy, in June. It may be here mentioned that at the last session, during the summer of 1897, there were 11,500 announcements printed. Doubtless, in 1857, 3,500 was con- sidered a very large number.
The commencement this year was held as usual in the Musical Fund Hall on February 27th, 1857. Valedictory was by J. P. Dake. The number of graduates was forty. Special degrees were conferred on six, and the honorary degree on Drs. Wm. S. Helmuth and B. F. Joslin.
Dr. Coxe, having been confirmed as professor of Practice, sent his letter of acceptance on March 5th, 1857.
The following letter shows how much Dr. Helmuth appre- ciated the honor conferred by the special degree at the com- mencement, 1857:
Phii,adei.phia, April 11, 1857. To the Managers of the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania. Gentlemen: Permit me to express to you how truly I appreciate the
MEDICAt COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 77
honor of having had conferred iipon me, at the annual commencement of the College in February last, an honorary degree.
In my estimation there is no title within the range of medicine that can surpass it; inasmuch as in Homoeopathy alone is found a true basis for practical medicine, and the bestowal of distinction by such an Insti- tution is not an empty compliment but a solemn declaration that acknowledges and proclaims a great truth and recognizes in the recipi- ent an individual who practically sustains it. Assuring you, gentle- men, of the sincerity of my wishes for the prosperity of the Institution which you so judiciously manage, I remain with great respect, your Obdt. Servt.
WlIvIvIAM S. HEIvMUTH.
78 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
CHAPTER XIV.
1857-59-
Before the opening of the session of 1857-58, Dr. Robert J. McClatchey was elected Demonstrator of Anatomy. Dr. Hempel had taken the chair of Materia Medica in place of Dr. Dake. Dr. J. R. Coxe had taken Dr. Williamson's place in the chair of Practice. The second mortgage of $5,000 was called in the fall of 1857; and it seems that the managers hardly knew where to turn for the money, for in spite of the scrip and the moneys received from the students it had been up-hill work since the College was bought. The following resolution explains itself:
At a Faculty meeting on October i, 1857, ^ resolution was adopted that, Whereas, the payment of the second mortgage of $5,000 on the College buildings has been peremptorily demanded, and the same must be paid.
Resolved, That the entire income of the College after the payment of the necessary expenses be directed to the pay- ment of the said mortgage, the registrar being instructed to furnish a copy of the above preamble and resolution to Prof. Ward.
But at another Faculty meeting held October 21st of the same year it was resolved: That in consideration of the monetary crisis now prevailing that the resolution passed October i, and reading "that the entire income of the College after the payment of the necessary expenses be devoted to the payment of the mortage of $5,000, held on the College buildings by the Pratt estate," be rescinded.
The following introductories were decided on at a meeting of the Faculty October 8th, 1857:
Monday, October 12, at 7:30 p. m,, C. J. Hempel.
Monday, October 12, at 8:30 p. m., J. R. Coxe, Jr.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 79
Tuesday, October 13, at 7:30 p. m., M. Semple.
Tuesday, October 13, at 8:30 p. m., J. Beakley.
Wednesday, October 14, at 7:30 p. m., W. A. Reed.
Wednesday, October 14, at 8:30 p. m., Wm. Tod Helmuth.
At this same meeting it was decided to hold two sessions daily, from 10 to 2 and from 4 to 6.
The session of 1857-58 opened on the evening of October 12th, as has been stated. Dr. Hempel delivering the first lecture. There were sixty-eight matriculants. At a meet- ing held October 23, 1857, we find that the request of Dr. Lee, of West Philadelphia, asking the lower lecture room of the College for the use of a county medical society was acceded to. The County Society for many years held its monthly meetings in the lower lecture room and its walls echoed to the voices of many of the best and wisest, long gone to the Great Rest. The room was thus used as long as the College remained.
On the 29th, of October Dr. Ward tendered his resignation. He lived at the time in Newark and felt that he could not give his services gratutiously, having to live temporarily in the city while lecturing. At a meeting on November 4th, Dr. Williamson was unainmously elected to fill the chair thus made vacant.
As has been before stated, the draft of a diploma in English had been presented by a committee appointed for the purpose and accepted on January 22, 1849. It is not likely that this first diploma was lithographed, for in a record of a Faculty meeting held November 11, 1856, we find that Dr. William- son was instructed to procure suitable stones for diplomas for the College. At a Faculty meeting February 2, 1857, it was reported by Dr. Helmuth that the lithographic stones for the two diplomas, 'the general and the special, were completed and the Dean was authorized to have fifty copies of the regular diploma and twenty of the special lithographed.
It was at this same meeting of February 2d, that Dr. Reed was authorized to procure a new matrix for the College seal.
Since the opening of the College the commencements had been held at Musical Fund Hall on Locust street. But this 5^ear of 1858 there was a new departure. At a meeting under
8o HISTORY OF THE HOMOEOPATHIC
date of January 5, 1858, Dr. Reed was appointed a commit- tee to inquire of Mr. Marshall concerning the hiring of the Academy of Music for the morning of commencement. But nothing seems to have been done about it as the commence- ment occurred in the old place, Musical Fund Hall, on Tues- day, March 2, 1858. Dr. Wm. A. Reed was Valedictorian and there were twenty-seven graduates. There were also five special and an honorary degree.
In the meantime Dr. Wm. Tod Helmuth had gone to St. Louis, with the intention to settle there which would again make the chair of Anatomy vacant. The day following the commencement the Faculty met and nominated Dr. Thomas Moore to the chair of Anatomy. On March 13th, Dr. Helmuth sent from St. Louis his letter of resignation to the Faculty, which letter was presented on March 23d. Dr. Helmuth lectured during the session 1857-58 and acted as Registrar; the College records are signed by him.
In those early days the janitor received $25.00 per month and was also given the rent of a house in the rear of the College, that belonged to the College property.
At the Faculty meeting of March 23, 1858, on motion, it was agreed that in ballotting for candidates for a degree each professor should hereafter cast five votes for each candi- date, and that twenty-five affirmative votes should be neces- sary for an election; also, that less than twenty afiirmative votes should preclude a re-examination. On April 15, 1858, Dr. Semple resigned from the chair of Chemistry, and Dr. Lemuel Stevens, who was afterward so long connected with the College, offered his services as a lecturer on that branch; but at a meeting held on August 6th, Dr. A. H. Flanders, of Danville, Ky. , was nominated for the vacant chair of Chem- istry and Toxicology, and at the next meeting of the Board of Managers he was elected.
New Faculty officers were elected on September 7, 1858: President, Dr. Beakley; Dean, Dr. Williamson; Register, Dr. Reed. The introductory course was advertised this year from October 9th to 16th in the Philadelphia Ledger, the Inquirer, the Press and the Bulletin.
At this time Dr. Flanders was authorized to make extensive
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 8 1
purchases of glass and chemicals for the laboratory and museum. He was also to purchase electrical apparatus for $50.00, giving the old apparatus, which was to be taken at a valuation of $5.00, in exchange. And at this time an appro- priation of $100.00 was made to furnish him an assistant. And Dr. Moore was authorized to have the skeletons repaired. The records show that by a vote, at a meeting October 19,
1858, it was decided that a practical anatomy ticket from an- other medical college and proof of previous dissection of three parts free the student from the obligation of taking up practi- cal anatomy.
The Dean, on November 2d, reported the final settlement for the College lot.
At a Faculty meeting, on November 23, 1858, Dr. William- son resigned from the office of Dean, which he held for three years. Thanks were tendered him. The President of the Faculty acted as Dean after his resignation until, on April 26,
1859, Dr. Beakley was elected.
Commencement was held on March 3, 1859, at the Musical Fund Hall. The Valedictory was by John Redman Coxe, jr. There were twenty-three who graduated, and three others took the special degree of the College.
On March 8, 1859, Dr. Williamson tendered his resignation as Professor of Obstetrics. At the next meeting, March 2 ist, the following resolutions were passed:
" Resolved, That by the resignation of Prof. Williamson, M. D., from the Chair of Obstetrics, Diseases of Women and Children and Medical Jurisprudence, the College loses its oldest teacher and one of its ablest supporters, the Faculty an experienced and useful member, and each individual professor an honored colleague.
' ' Resolved, That we view with regret any circumstances that have compelled our fellow-laborer to remove from our midst, and that we earnestly pray for his health, his happiness and renewed success in his future field of labors.
" Resolved, That to this we individually subscribe our names."
(Copy signed and sent to Dr. Williamson. )
On April 19th Dr. Isaac M. Ward, of Newark, N. J., was unanimously elected to the chair of Obstetrics, left vacant by Dr. Williamson's resignation, and Drs. Beakley, Hempel and Reed were appointed a committee to inform him of the fact.
82 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
At this meeting it was decided to hold the Faculty meetings in the future in the evening. April 26th, Dr. Beakley was elected Dean; Dr. Hempel, President.
On June 7, 1859, Dr. Flanders sent his resignation as in- cumbent of the chair of Chemistry from New York, where he was living. Dr. Matthew Semple was unanimously nomi- nated to fill the vacancy and was at once elected by the Board of Managers. And on September 27th the Board appropriated $100.00 to the chair of Chemistry to pay for an assistant.
MKDICAI. COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 83
CHAPTER XV.
1859-60.
At this time, 1858-59, there seems to have been a sort of go-as-you-please method in regard to the admission of students. Notes were taken for different sums. Though the beneficiary Hst was then suspended, yet students were admitted on much the same terms. In the record of a Faculty meeting, held November 8, 1859, we find the following: "The Dean pre- sented to the Faculty a communication from the Board of Managers, reminding the Faculty of the following resolutions, which had passed said Board at the time mentioned:
" Resolutions passed by the Board of Managers, September 2, 1852.
' ' Resolved, That the fees for a full course of lectures shall be as here- tofore, one hundred dollars, of which sixteen dollars shall be paid into the treasury to meet the expenses of the College and the residue to be apportioned to the Faculty.
''Resolved, That the matriculation fee of five dollars (each student), the cost of diplomas and fee for same, all notes, and all other broken fees for tuition, not disposed of in the above resolution, shall be paid over to the Treasurer for the use of the College.
" Resolved, That if in this appropriation of fees it shall be found that the expenses of the Institution be not met the Professors shall make good the deficiency. ' '
" Preamble and resolutions passed the Board of Managers, November 3, 1859:
" Whreas, In consequence of the calculation made by the Board of Managers of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania it has been found that it will require the amount of ^tSoo to meet the ex- penses of the College till the first of October, i860, therefore,
' ' Resolved, That the Dean be requested to pay over to the Treasurer the sum of |i8oo out of the funds received from the students, and that the residue be and is hereby at the disposal of the professors."
The resolution passed at the meeting of November ist was rescinded.
On December 3, 1859, it was resolved: " That the several
84 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
professors loan each $62.00 to the Dean to enable him to make certain payments necessary to be made on January ist, said loan to be refunded as soon as $434.00 of graduation fees shall have been paid into the treasury."
The announcement for the session of 1859-60 thus men- tions Dr. Williamson : " It is with regret that we announce the resignation of Professor Williamson from the chair of Ob- stetrics. His successful teaching in this chair in the Institu- tion's infancy, and at a subsequent period in the chair of Materia Medica, is well known to many a disciple of our school. Few men have labored more earnestly or more suc- cessfully for the cause of our noble science. We wish him all the happiness in his retirement that flows from well doing."
Just before the opening of the session of 1859 the janitor, Mr. Yeager, who had been appointed but a short time previ- ously, died and the Faculty decided, as a token of respect, to attend the funeral in a body in carriages. Mr Robert McEwen was elected janitor at a salary of $25.00 per month and house rent.
The introductory lecture of the session 1859-60 was de- livered on the evening of October 14th by Jacob Beakley. The number of matriculates was seventy-three.
On October 20th, Dr. C. J. Hempel was elected President, Dr. Beakley, Dean, and Dr. Reed, Register.
On November ist it was decided that each member of the Faculty be assessed $100.00 to be retained by the Dean from future fees, for which the Faculty receive corporation scrip.
Subjects cost $15.00 in those days. The record of January 1 6th, i860, tells that a bill was presented by Prof. Moore for repairing skeleton $15.00, and for a subject $15.00.
We now reach an important resolution in the history of the College. At the Faculty meeting held on January i6th, 1859, it was resolved, on motion of Dr. Hempel, that, believ- ing that it is not only important but indispensable to re- organize this College upon a basis which shall secure it a permanent existence and progressive development. Resolved, That a committee be appointed to confer with a like commit- tee from the Board of Managers to consider the best mode of effecting this object and to report at the next regular meeting
MEDICAI. COLIvEGE OF PKNNSYI,VANIA. 85
of the Faculty. The chair appointed (Dr. Ward being in the chair temporarily) Drs. Hempel, Beakley and Reed.
On February 6th we find the managers calling attention to an error in payment to the Faculty of broken fees, and it was resolved, that as $28.00 of broken fees have been paid in error by the Dean to each professor, said $28.00 be refunded to the Dean.
On February 17th the Dean was authorized to have a new seal-press procured; three thousand invitations to commence- ment and 1,500 copies of the valedictory address printed.
The last record in the Facult}^ book under the old regimen is dated February 25th, i860. The next record bears date of June 1 6th, i860, and is the beginning of a new era.
At the end of this session there was some difference of opinion concerning the graduation of Messrs. Jones, Reed and Ehrmann.
The matter is fully explained in a pamphlet published at the time by Drs. Jones, and Reed, and Ehrmann, under the title, "Who, Which, What and Wherefore," Philadelphia, i860.
Dr. Jones often mentions this in his caustic writings. (See Am. Hom. Observer.)
There does not seem to have been any reason why Messrs. Jones, Reed, Jr., and Ehrmann should not have received the degree of the College. But it was not granted to them. The next year, February 22d, 1861, they were each given a special diploma, and a few years later their names were placed on the regular list of graduates. This trouble resulted in the resignation of Dr. Thomas Moore, who had espoused the cause of the students.
The commencement was held in the Musical Fund Hall on March ist. The valedictory was delivered by Dr. Matthew Semple. There were twenty-six graduates.
We now come to a new era in College affairs. Between the sessions of 1859-60 and 1860-61 there was a complete change and reorganization of the members of the Faculty.
Drs. Beakley, Ward, Reed, Coxe, Hempel and Moore retired from the Faculty. As reorganized it consisted of Drs, Semple, W. A. Gardiner, S. S, Brooks, G. R. Starkey, A. H,
86 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHTC
Ashton, J, K. L,ee, O. B. Gause. Dr. Semple was elected Dean.
At a Faculty meeting held September 13, i860, a commit- tee from the Board of Managers presented a series of resolu- tions that they had adopted. At a meeting on September 17th these resolutions were endorsed and adopted. They are as follows:
" Resolutions of the Board of Managers passed September 13th, i860.
'ā 'Resolved, That all monies received by this Institution for educa- tional purposes in any way shall be paid into the hands of a receiver appointed by this Board, who shall be required to pay the same into the hands of the Treasurer weekly.
"ā Resolved, That S. S. Brooks, M. D., is appointed a Receiver by this Board to receive all tuition fees from students, who shall report monthly to the Board the various sums paid to him with the names of the indi- viduals from whom the same was received, and pay the money weekly to the Treasurer, whose receipt shall be a sufficient voucher to him for the same.
'ā 'ā Resolved, That the receipt of the Receiver shall authorize the students to obtain the necessary tickets to attend the course of lectures. ā ' ' Resolved^ That all monies paid to the various professors of the Col- lege for their services shall be drawn by an order signed by the chair- man of the Committee of Finance upon the Treasurer. The various amounts due each shall be determined by the Faculty and Committee of Finance.
' ' Resolved, That no person whatever shall have authority to contract any debt for r^airs or anything necessary for the College but the Com- mittee of Finance.
" Resolved, That all resolutions or By-Laws heretofore passed by this College inconsistent with the above resolutions or authorizing the pay- ment of monies in any other way to any other person, be and the same are hereby repealed.
'ā 'ā Resolved, That the Secretary be directed to furnish a copy of the above to the Faculty."
On behalf of the Faculty Dr. Gardiner then offered the fol- lowing preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:
Whereas. The financial and other business affairs of the College, as heretofore conducted, have resulted in producing an impoverished treasury and have had a tendency to embarrass very much the opera- tions of the Board of Managers and Faculty; therefore, for the better and more satisfactory regulation of the financial and other interests of the College,
MEDICAL COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA. 87
Resolved^ That a Committee of Finance be appointed consisting of three members of the Faculty, who shall act in conjunction with the Finance Committee of the Board of Managers in conducting the finan- cial affairs of the College.
All bills, debts or liabilities contracted by order of the Faculty shall be audited by the Committee of Finance, reported to the Faculty and presented to the Board of Managers for payment.
Resolved, That a Building Committee be appointed, consisting of two members of the Faculty, who shall act with the Building Committee of the Board of Managers.
They shall have charge of the College building and all other property belonging to the corporation.
As soon as practicable they shall take an inventory of all the appa- ratus, instruments, preparations and other articles used for illustration and demonstration in the several departments of medical instruction now belonging to the corporation, or which it may acquire by future purchase or donation.
Said inventory shall be recorded in a suitable book to be procured for the purpose.
The Building Committee shall recommend and superintend all suit- able repairs and improvements. They shall procure all assistance nec- essary for the College, reporting all appointments and dismissals to the Faculty for confirmation.
Resolved, That a Committee of Supplies be appointed, consisting of two members of the Faculty, who shall make all purchase of imple- ments and apparatus necessary for the use of the Professors, and materials required for the College. At a Faculty meeting held October 16, i860, it was decided that each Professor be allowed to purchase necessary articles for his lectures, not exceeding I5.00 in amount.
All bills for said articles shall be audited by the Committee of Finance, reported to the Faculty and presented to the Board of Man- agers for payment.
Resolved, That each of the above committees report at each stated meeting of the Faculty, and oftener if necessary.
The following members were then appointed by the Presi- dent and the appointment ratified by the Faculty:
Committee of Finance, Drs. Gardiner, L,ee, Brooks.
Building Committee, Drs. Semple, Starkey.
Committee of Supplies, Drs. Ashton, Gause.
These committees at once entered upon their several duties. The condition of the College building was looked into; the Finance Comittee were instructed to report the estimated ex- penses of running the College for the ensuing year from October i , i860. And at the same time to report the liabilities
88 HISTORY OF THE HOMCEOPATHIC
and assets and what portion of the assets are at once avail- able.
It was decided to ask Dr. Griffiths to give a dental clinic, and a dental chair was ordered to be procured. The hour from I to 2 p. M. on Wednesday was assigned to Dr. Griffiths.
As the dental chair was sold to Mr. Detwiler, in February, , 1 86 1, it seems that the dental clinic was not a great success.
Advertisements of the coming session were inserted in the Inquirer, Evening Bulletin and Ledger. At a meeting held October 2, i860, it was decided that the introductories be delivered as follows:
Monday evening, 7:30, Dr. Semple; 8:30, Dr. Lee; Tues- day evening, 7:30, Dr. Brooks; 8:30, Dr. Starkey; Thurs- day evening, 7:30, Dr. Gause; 8:30, Dr. Ashton; Friday evening, 7:30, Dr. Gardiner.
Dr. Starkey 's lecture was, however, delivered on Wednes- day evening. Although Dr. Ashton' s name appears in the announcements for 1860-61, as Professor of Obstetrics, he did not lecture. In the minutes of a Faculty meeting held October 5, i860, we find that Dr. Ashton resigned from the chair of Obstetrics. At a meeting the next day, October 6th, Dr. Thomas Moore was elected to take the place of Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. At this same meeting Dr. Semple resigned from the Deanship and Dr. S. S. Brooks was elected to take his place.
Mr. H. R. Warriner was, on October 23d, elected a lecturer on the subject of Medical Jurisprudence.
On October 30, i860, the Faculty addressed a letter, signed by Dr. Moore, the Dean, and Dr. Starkey, the Secretary, to the Board of Managers. It explains itself and is as follows:
Phii<adei<phia, October 30, i860. To the Board of Managers of the Homosopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania.
GENTI.EMEN: The Faculty beg leave to submit for your consideration the following communication. In the organization of the present Board of Instructors of the College two objects were in view:
1st. There should be appointed to the different chairs gentlemen who were qualified to fill their respective positions.
2d. To organize a Faculty that would work harmoniously together and bring into exercise their energies and abilities to build the Institu-
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 89
tion, and offer to the students in attendance the greatest facilities for acquiring a proper and competent knowledge of the science and art of medicine. These two objects, we believe, have thus far been obtained; what the final result may be, of course, remains to be seen. Therefore, in presenting the items of this communication to the Board the Faculty- acknowledged their subordinate position, but are desirous that the busi- ness affairs of the College should be conducted in a just and impartial manner, so that dissatisfaction and discord may be avoided in the future.
It is well known to the Board of Managers and the Faculty that at every session of the College it has been customary for the Dean to ac- cept, as the agent and on behalf of the College, notes of hand from students for a portion or the whole amount of tuition fees, and accord- ing to the Regulations of the Managers, adopted some years since, these notes were properly the property of the College and belonged to the Treasury. So that the Faculty, collectively or individually, had no claim whatever upon the amount of money realized from their payment.
The books of the Dean show that a number of notes were accepted for tuition one year ago, and previous to that date, that mature this ses- sion, and the amount realized from their collection belongs to the treas- ury of the College, and it also appears that these notes have been ab- stracted from the book of the College without the knowledge 'either of Managers or the Faculty. So that at the present time it is impossible to ascertain without investigation where they are deposited or who has them in possession, and inasmuch as there are a number of bills now due and owing by the College for sundries furnished for the session of 1859-60 it seems nothing more than an act of justice to the present Faculty that the amount realized from the collection of these claims should be appropriated to the liquidation of these bills, and the Faculty do most earnestly call upon the Board of Managers to investigate the matter and have the financial affairs of the College properly adjusted, so that harmony and unity of action may still continue to characterize all the doings of the Institution. Believing it to be an act of justice, not only to the Corporation, but also to the present Faculty, to give im- mediate attention to this suggestion, so that the funds of the Institution shall not be appropriated in any other than a legitimate manner when it is necessary to husband resources to relieve it from present embar- rassment.
Yours respectfully,
THOS. MOORE, President of the Faculty. G. R. Starkey,
Secretary of the Faculty.
Before this time the chair of Medical Jurisprudence had been*an adjunct of some other chair held by a physician, but now it was decided that it be held as an independent chair by a lawyer.
90 HISTORY OF THE HOMOEOPATHIC
As has been stated the Faculty elected, on October 23d, Mr. H. R. Warriner as lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence. On the 24th of October a letter, signed by the Dean, Dr. Brooks, was addressed to the Board of Managers, as follows:
Philadelphia, 10 mo. 24, i860. To the Board of Managers of the Hoinoeopathic Medical College of
Pensylvania.
Gentlemeri : The Faculty have just completed the arrangements for having H. Warriner, Esq., to deliver one lecture a week on Medical Jurisprudence. His compensation to be his share of the profits, or the same proportion as ourselves; so that if we receive anything he will also get his portion of what may be divided among us.
Arrangement has also been made with Dr. J. J. Griffiths, to demon- strate some of the operations upon the teeth. which would be likely to be required by a physician in country practice. He kindly offered, for the benefit of the College, to render a weekly service for nothing, pro- vided we would furnish him with a dental chair to facilitate his opera- tions.
We have bought a chair for f 10.00 and he will commence to-day, if he has patients, which he says we can have in future if he will give a little information by circulating cards among the present dispensary patients and others.
But as the Faculty desires to do nothing without the approbation and counsel of the Board of Managers, I was desired to give this informa- tion and state that both arrangements are, and have been made, subject to your consent and approval.
Very respectfully,
SILAS S. BROOKS,
Dean.
MEDICAL COIvLEGE OF PENNSYI.VANIA. 91
CHAPTER XVI.
1861-64.
The Commencement occurred on March i, 1 861, at Musical Fund Hall. The valedictory was by Dr. Thomas Moore. There were twenty-five graduates, and six special degrees were granted.
At the first Faculty meeting after the Commencement, held March 5th, there was a general thanksgiving in votes. Thanks were voted to J. J. Griffith, for the very faithful and very satisfactory performance of his duties in dentistry; to Mr. Warriner for his labors in jurisprudence; to Rev. R. A. Carden for acting chaplain at the Commencement; to Dr. "WTS. Hel- muth for services as President of the College rendered at the last Commencement; the Registrar was ordered to furnish the gentlemen with a copy of these votes.
The announcement (2,500 copies) was issued in June. By the record of a meeting held July 29, 1861, we find that some changes were made. The Faculty accepted the resig- nation of Dr. Gardiner from the chair of Surgery; of Dr. Starkey from that of Anatomy; of Dr. Moore from that of Obstetrics; Dr. Starkey was elected to fill the chair of Sur- gery; Dr. Moore to Anatomy, and Dr. H. N. Guernsej' to fill that of Obstetrics. But on the records of a meeting on August 30, 1 86 1, we find that Dr. P. S. Hitchens was elected to fill the chair of Anatomy, vice Dr. Moore, resigned. On September 3d, Dr. S. S. Brooks was elected Dean.
So that while the printed announcement gives as Faculty, Drs. Semple, Gardiner, Brooks, Starkey, &c. , the actual pro- fessors for the session of 1861-62 were: M. Semple, Chemistry and Toxicology; G. R. Starkey, Surgery; S. S. Brooks, Institutes and Practice; P. S. Hitchens, Anatomy; H. N. Guernsey, Obstetrics; J. K. I^ee, Mat'eria Medica; O. B. Gause, Physiology.
92 HISTORY OF THK HOMCEOPATHIC
The introductory was delivered on the evening of Wednes- day, October 14, 1 861, by Dr. O. B. Gause. There were thirty-four matriculants. The war times had disturbed the Colleges of our land.
The question of scrip now appears on the minutes. On October 11, 1861, it was voted that Drs. Brooks and Kitchens be a committee to draw up a form of petition to the Board of Managers to appropriate to the Professors certificates of scrip for the surplus receipts to the College over the current ex- penses of each year. On December 13th Dr. Brooks recom- mended a form of memorial to the Board of Managers that the Professors receive scrip for debts paid by them on the building.
Drs. Semple, Brooks, and the President were appointed a committee to mature a plan for